System engineering Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

System engineer - Coursework ExampleSometimes change is usually unpredictable, orgasm at time that an organisation does not scream it. In such a scenario, the way an organisation handles the change determines the adaptability that determines the recovery of the organisation. Various recommendations have been effrontery on how to manage change in systems engineering. To effectively deal with change in systems engineering, it is recommended to follow a simple guideline. First identify the areas that change is required in the processes and justify the need for change. Secondly, assess and prise the possibility of positive results from a change in terms of dealing with stakeholders needs or coming up with a better product. Thirdly, change managers should implement the change in a process that does not disrupt the whole system. When a change is finally in place, it should be practiced to replace the previous process and made the norm. This should then be followed by periodic monitori ng of the change as it is macrocosm implemented and evaluation of the whole process (Habhouba, Cherkaoui, and Desrochers, p.

The current State of Security in Smartphone Term Paper

The current State of Security in Smartphone - termination Paper ExampleMobile technology is the latest domain that has been exploited by malicious inclination users, like hackers, intruders etc, to achieve personal gains from jeopardizing the surety of the legitimate users. This paper shall address the predominate earnest threats that atomic number 18 witnessed in Smartphone technology alongside the technologies that are used to protect the devices from such threats. 2. Security in Smartphone The credentials threats that revolved around computers let migrated into the Smartphone domain and causing heavy losses to the users. To highlight the relevance of security measures on smartphones, Cheng (2011) provided results from a survey that was conducted by McAfee in the current year. The survey revealed that malware instances for Android (one of the around park smartphones in the current times) have increased by a significant figure of 76% in the last four months. Malware is def ined as both program or application that is developed for the habit of fareing illicit activities, such as Trojans, viruses and worms. Some of the examples of security threats in smartphones are given infra 2.1 Smishing Phishing attacks had been known to cause harm to personal computers but a similar security threat is prevailing in the current times that is directed to harm smartphone- smishing and vishing. Ruggiero and Foote (2011) stated that hackers use the conventional approach of send fake messages or voicemails to the recipients and urge them to call a financial institution with the aim to update their security settings etc. Voicemail systems are activated on the respective fake hosts that record sensitive information of the recipient. 2.2 Baseband Hacking Hackers have invented ways to intercept cellular phone calls by making the chips and firmware compromised in the Smartphone. Cheng (2011) stated that the baseband mainframe of the phone is turned into a listening devic e and enables the hackers to record conversation taking place amid the participants. This can serve to record sensitive information and thus be used for malicious intent. 2.3 septic Applications Applications are the most attractive feature of smartphones since they allow an individual to perform a diverse commit of operations, for example play games, browse the web etc. Applications have also become one of the most common modes of infecting smartphones with compromised programs, such as Trojans. Apple and Blackberry follow a procedure of screening the applications (that talent be contributed by developers) before publishing them on their App stores this approach makes them avoid many Trojan attacks that force be hidden in the programs. Android follows a different approach and does not perform any screening process on the applications. Chang (2011) stated that an Android application with the name of Steamy Window has the agency to convert a Smartphone into a botnet zombie. Upon successful acquisition of control over the phone, the hacker can perform any desired operation, such as Send messages to any contact Make the browser depute to compromised sites that may facilitate the transmission of sensitive information. Block the receiving of messages. 2.4 Jail faulting and Rooting Apple IPhone School (2010) explains jail breaking as the hacking activity of the iPhone, iPad and iPod that allows the individual to have access to the Unix file system. Jailbreaking an iPhone is analogous to rooting an Android phone. nongovernmental organization (2009) stated that

Chapter 13 discussion questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chapter 13 discussion questions - Essay Ex greatCases can be used to develop managerial leadership skills such as analytical decision making skills and increased understanding of situations that managers are commonly faced with. This rule is good for demonstrating the fact that different people can react to the same situation in a variety of ways and helps trainees understand that there are multiple ways to approach a problem. large-scale Simulations allow trainees to analyze a situation and make decisions, however, unlike previous manners this procedure allows them to experience the consequences of their actions. These simulations heighten features of other reading methods such as human relations cases, role-playing, in-basket exercise, and group problem figure out exercises. They emphasize interpersonal skills, cognitive skills and decision making. The knowledge gained from this exercise can vary from increased psyche self-awareness of strengths and weaknesses when working w ith strangers to reflecting the overall culture and relationships within a company when working with family or coworkers. Overall this method can be very useful in enhancing leadership skills. 2. Effectiveness of development depends on some(prenominal) key factors clear learning objectives, clear and meaningful content, appropriate sequencing of content, appropriate mix of training methods, probability for active practice, relevant and timely feedback, high trainee self-confidence, and appropriate follow-up activities. Clear learning objectives trainer should not only identify clear learning objectives, but also explain why training volition help people improve their leadership effectiveness. Clear and meaningful content trainer should focus on important things and include lots of examples to facilitate comprehension and memorization of material. Appropriate sequencing of content should be make in a way that will help the learning process, process from simple to more mixed ideas and there should be appropriate intervals for rest between sessions to prevent trainees being overworked. Appropriate mix of training Methods of training should be customized to compensate for differences in level of skill and knowledge, and should also take into account consort size and time available to train Opportunity for active practice there should be ample opportunity for trainees to practice new skills in order to aid in the remembrance of important points. germane(predicate) and timely feedback Feedback should be available from several different resources and should be accurate, timely and constructive. Enhancement of trainee self-confidence trainers should be supportive of all trainees and encourage success and self-confidence. Praise, encouragement, and patience are necessary qualities for the trainer. Appropriate follow-up activities A couple of options for this portion of training include holding a follow-up session after the training program has been comp leted or have trainees turn in projects that require them to utilize their recently erudite skills. 3. Learning from experience is generally affected by amount of challenge, variety of tasks, and quality of feedback.

Watchdogs Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Watchdogs - Coursework ExampleResearch conducted on faker has revealed that impostor perpetrators and experts of embezzlement against their employers normally do this as a leave behind of pressure, rationalization and opportunity.In this case, it is evident that pressure, rationalization and opportunity that results in fraud are as a result of poor internal control commonly referred to as sleeping (napping) watchdogs. In the case of opportunity, the perpetrator identifies a loophole in the control system and believes that they can fraud and goes undetected. Those who perpetrate fraud as a result of rationalization do it as a result of uncontrolled personal code of conduct. Perpetrators who respond to pressure usually have financial predicaments that motivate them to slip ones mindThis analysis highlighted above indicates that watchdogs are responsible for abating fraud crime. In this case, strict measures should be implements in coordinate to accost irresponsibility in the contro l departments. To address this, watchdogs in corporations should be charged together with the perpetrators. In this case, when a person is caught having embezzled corporate fund, a litigation should not only be brought against them, merely also those in charge of preventing such case.The site, Corporate Accountability International, provides a platform where these corporate crimes of fraud and embezzlement of fund can be prevented. The organization, backed by members, activist, volunteers and allied organizations, is positioned to be instrumental in realizing a corporate scene free from white-collar crimes. With a mission of bringing to an end the good cruelty by global corporations, they ideally positioned to restore a sense of responsibility and accountability to populace institutions around the world.Having recognized how global corporations have increasing been operating beyond

Intelligence Reform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intelligence Reform - Essay ExampleAfter land War 1, America science operation hard work paid attention on code respite against Germany and Japan. In 1941 president Franklin Roosevelt established the first peacetime civilian intelligence after discovering that it was inevitable to escape interlocking of the world war 2.the offices were developed to manage the activities of a number of agencies. Nevertheless, after the Japanese bombed Pearl oblige the United States experienced its mostly expensive intelligence disaster (Zegart 25). The intelligence failure because of assessing misconceptions, collection gaps, bureaucratic confusion and well-planned Japanese denial and deception resulted to the development of a larger and more varied authority in 1942 (Calabrese 11).The US intelligence agency faces the challenge of widespread lack of trust in its business leader to undertake its mission competently and legally. Existence of increased terror group like al base of operations has been a major challenge for intelligence policy makers (Kantor 35). The ability to control any source of tuition retrieved is also a major pitfall. Intelligence agency need also to change its old tactics of viewing things instead it needs to incorporate the developing technology to counter enemies. The September 11 attacks necessitated the intelligence to reform its tactics to counter other terrorist attacks. The attack was termed as a major failure for the intelligence team therefore reinvention and revitalization techniques ought to be embarked (Calabrese 14).The intelligence reforms have also embarked on techniques that bear upon counterintelligence missions. The techniques involve finding out loopholes within the intelligence team to ensure past mistakes are not repeated and terror attacks are prevented.In the past intelligence involved speculation about problems or what was pass judgment to happen. Evidence of information were hidden and

Mission and Vision Statements and the Companys Strategic Direction Research Paper

committal and Vision Statements and the Companys Strategic Direction - Research Paper ExampleHowever, it has developed and adopted a alone(predicate) system known as The HP course. This is a unique ideology or philosophy that refers to the way things argon done at HP (Lacy & Mullins, 2002). Therefore, although the keep company lacks clear direction and vision statements, the elements of these are captured in the companys shared ranks and incorporate objectives. These are stated below.Although HP lacks particularised mission and vision statements, the shared values and corporate objectives have some of the key elements of effective mission and vision statements. To evaluate HPs mission and vision statements as captured in The HP Way, an evaluation matrix will be important. The evaluation matrix below (Table 1) comprises of three newspaper columns. The first column contains the salient elements of the mission statement based on Zainbooks website. According to the website, mis sion statements should contain at least(prenominal) nine elements includingOne of HPs corporate objectives is customer loyalty, which shows the companys commitment to providing value and highest quality to win customer loyalty and respect. However, the objective does not specify the companys customers.The fruit element is clearly stated in HPs corporate objectives. One of the companys corporate objectives is ontogeny, which explains the companys nature of identifying and seizing growth opportunities.Through its market leadership corporate objective, HP is committed to becoming the market leader through its competitive advantages in developing and delivering sophisticated and useful solutions, products, and services.The strategic direction is an important element in ensuring the success of a company. A company without a strategic direction is like a plane without a pilot that moves haphazardly. Such a business, like the plane, is likely to collapse. HP has had a clear strategic di rection over the years since its formation. The growth and success of the company is proof of this.

Blogger (or the general idea of blogs).Learning with technology ( look Essay

Blogger (or the general idea of blogs).Learning with technology ( look at attachment) - Essay illustrationIn schools and in the field of education, electronic and digital technologies have also become valuable assort tools for learning. The internet is filled with tissuesites like Wikipedia, Google Scholar, Google Books, and Blogs which serve as compiled sources of information which students can easily access without having to unsnarl through library books, journals, and encyclopaedias. Blogging and the general idea of blogs have become one of the more relevant eLearning tools. This reputation shall evaluate blogging, its applications and uses. A critical analysis of this learning tool shall also be carried out. The first fork of this paper shall provide an overview of blogging. The second part shall provide a critique of blogging. The third part shall plow the learning theories which ar applicable to blogging. The fourth part shall use a specific blogging application and r eason its links with learning theories. Finally, this paper shall end with summarizing and concluding remarks. Body Overview of blogging The second generation of internet and web use has brought on the Web 2.0 phenomenon, a progression from the initial Web 1.0 design. Where the Web 1.0 design simply provided for a unilateral flow of information, the Web 2.0 design has presented with the distinct improvement of sharing information to the online confederation (Anderson, 2008). The convenient possibilities of the internet has allowed the process of sharing, uploading, and writing information and editing wikis and blogs has presented educators with myriad tools for their trade. Blogs, shortened from web logs, was first suggested by Jorn Barger when he came up with a webpage which included information, personal musings, journal entries, as well as links, and posts which have been arranged by regard (Anderson, 2008). Since then, blogs have largely evolved, taking in more refine design s, and topics and it now even includes an area for ratifiers to post their comments. In effect, the commenting and posting process seems to have allowed blogging to take on a more interactive nature, allowing readers to offer their opinion on the blogs. Blogs also allow bloggers to consider readers opinions, to possibly respond to these if he so desires (Anderson, 2008). Blogging is also a media which feeds a writers immediacy, allowing him or her to post as often as he would like without having to wait for a date of publication as is so often seen in news or magazine articles. Blogs include course which are tagged and in so doing the subject of the post is often categorized and archived into a monetary standard theme where it can later be recalled. By clicking the tags or entering these words into search engines, early(a) related links would appear, thereby allowing the reader to read other similar articles by the same or different authors (Anderson, 2008). Linking is an essent ial part of blogging because it increases the depth of the discussions, allowing readers to understand the blog better (Anderson, 2008). Linking has the same nature as referencing as it gives readers the opportunity to verify the contents of the blog and to compare it to outside sources. Through these links, the quality of to each one blog is often significantly improved. Blogs are a new means of interacting online as it is a assembly by which internet users can pool their knowledge and opinions about a certain topic (Johnson and Kaye, 2005). They are also specific avenues for combined news and data, as

Unemployment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Unemployment - Research Paper ExampleExtensive look over multiple aspects of unemployment has revealed that the past unemployment results in change of preferences such as prices and constraints, affecting the levels of future unemployment as well. Individuals differ in certain unmeasured variables that, if not properly controlled, open influential impact on levels of unemployment. There exists, however, no universally acceptable definition of unemployment so far because both employed and unemployed people worldwide argon measured quite differently.Over the last few decades, the progressive world economies have, though slowly, recognized the complexity and seriousness of growing unemployment issues at last. However, various scholars and economical organizations have provided with more infer definitions of unemployment. The most widely referred definition from the International Labor Organization states that unemployment occurs when people are without jobs and they have actively lo oked for work within the past four weeks. The unemployment rate is a measure of the prevalence of unemployment and it is calculated as a pct by dividing the number of unemployed individuals by all individuals currently in the grind force. According to the Census Bureau, unemployed persons include those who did not work at all during the survey week, and who were looking for for work. Also included are persons who would have been looking for work except that (a) they were temporary ill, (b) they expected to overstep to a job from which they had been laid off for an indefinite period, or (c) they believed no work was available in their line of work or in the community. Unemployment can also be defined as, An economic context marked by the fact that individuals actively seeking jobs remain un-hired. Unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the total available work force. The level of unemployment varies with economic conditions and other circumstances. (Investor words, 2009). S tudents, children, retired personnel or people not interested in a paid job are not inclusive, however. Categorized on prat of causes and consequences, there are four major types of unemployment in macroeconomics. Frictional unemployment - People who are re-entering (are between jobs) or entering for the first time or after absence from work usually put through short-term unemployment called frictional unemployment. This kind of unemployment is sometimes considered beneficial as it provides time to individuals, organizations and societies to find better jobs build equal workforce and improve services respectively. Structural unemployment Unemployment also occurs if there are both jobs and workers available precisely the skills required for a job are not matching workers experience. This situation often results due to changes in structural economies and lasts for several years (long-term). For example, jobs are available in oil and gas industry and workers have skills with texti le industry, there is a mismatch of skills leading to Structural unemployment. Seasonal unemployment Sometimes, changes in weather, tourist activities or other seasonal factors results in short-term unemployment of related people called Seasonal unemployment. For example, some people experience joblessness as the construction activity slows down during extreme winters. Cyclic unemployment Due to prolonged periods of recession, production outputs are reduced causing joblessness. Previous employees lose jobs and entrants have fewer openings to search. As business circle is actively involved, this type of unemployment is called Cyclic unemployment. This is long-term and considered as the most severe kind of unemployment. When joblessness due business cycle is minimized to zero, economists say that we have reached full employment. Rise in level of unemployment is considered among the most worrisome economic problems. Due to gradual adjustments according to the market equilibrium pric e and quantity over time, there exists no

Charge of the Light Brigade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Charge of the depress Brigade - Essay ExampleThe details of the historical resultant have been recorded fairly accurately since the communications and the events of the caution have been saved by historians of the time. The charge was conducted by the British horse Light Brigade which formed the Fourth Royal Irish dragoon Guards in conjunction with the Heavy Brigade. At the battle, the total Cavalry force was commanded by the Earl of Lucan who received an exhibition to charge from Lord Raglan who was present as the overall army commander. The order statedLord Raglan wishes the cavalry to advance rapidly to the front, follow the enemy, and try to prevent the enemy carrying away the guns. Horse artillery may accompany. French cavalry is on your left. Immediate. (Wikipedia.org, 2006, Pg. 1).The order was delivered by Captain Louis Nolan who was killed in the action that followed the order. The action interpreted by Lord Cardigan was to take more than six hundred men straight into the valley where they set about twenty battalions of Russian infantry and more than fifty cannons pointed at them. The Russians had forced deployed on both sides of the valley where the British light cavalry was charging into (Bachrach, 1997). From a military standpoint this situation can easily be understood as quite negatively stacked against the British.The Light Brigade was able to go with the cannon fire and attack the Russian forces to push them back. However, charging through the cannon fire cost the British heavily and the Light Brigade was forced to retire from battle. The Heavy Brigade failed to help the charge of the Light Brigade since they entered the mouth of the valley but did not come any further. The French (who were allied with the British in the Crimean War), were only able to provide cover for the few remaining soldiers of the Light Brigade at the end of the charge.The charge was successful in meeting the objective given to

Color Revolutions and Democracy promotion Research Paper

Color Revolutions and Democracy promotional material - Research Paper ExampleThe term color revolutions is largely used in describing as a single phenomenon various non-violent protests that have succeeded in ousting or overthrowing totalitarian regimes during the twenty-first centurys first decade (Finkel and Brudny, 2013). This phenomenon has involved thousands of people who wear colored symbols, take to the streets, as well as show their discontent with the incumbent regime. At the same time, the opposition is legitimized by the same crowds and therefore universe able to negotiate political or regime change with the authorities. The term, geographically, has tended to encompass only post-communist states in the fountain Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. However, there is evidence that such movements have also been started in the affection East (Beachain and Polese, 2010). This paper will discuss the color revolutions in tabun, Serbia, and Ukraine and the process of democracy p romotion by and by by focusing on the influence of outside forces.The Republic of Georgia was one of the fifteen spring Soviet Union republics to start a transition towards a state based on democracy and market economy, in 1991, following the disintegration of the Soviet Union coupled with the abolition of both the Comecon and the capital of Poland Pact (Stewart, 2012). The color revolution in Georgia was symbolized by the Georgian Revolution of Roses often translated as Rose Revolution. This revolution is seen through five factors external forces, the people, the civil society, the opposition, and the character of the regime. Ever since Georgia declared itself independent in 1991 under the leadership of Zviad Gamsakhurdia, it was a country in transition from absolutism towards free market economy and democracy (MacKinnon, 2008). Political theorists argue that enhancement of democracy is done by individuals embedded in certain

World cup history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World loving cup history - Essay ExampleI. The populace cup is organized every four years and countries context to host the humanity cup with the 2014 earth cup being held in Brazil, the 2018 world cup will be hosted by Russia while the 2022 world cup is to be hosted by Qatar. The world cup presents a global stage for countries to present their top hat footballers in the most competitive tournament in soccer globally leading to the generation of the lift out football icons.III. I have researched, did document analysis and made enquiries and from stakeholders in the course of the preparation of this lyric increasing the accuracy and credibility of the information therein.IV. The ideas presented include the reason for the start of the world cup, the top scorers, the winners, and the social function for the selection of the participating teams and number in the world cup in different continents.There was a need for an international football event owing to restrictions by Olympic s on professional athletes that led to the frontmost world cup hosted by Uruguay in July 18, 1930 (Lisi, 2). The restrictions limited the ability of professional athletes to make an impact in the Olympics and lead to the development of the best footballers leading to the need for the creation of a tournament that will provide to global cohesion, develop teams, and lead to augmented football professionalism.In 1934 and 1938, the world cup was staged in Italy and France respectively hardly due to the word war, it was next held in 1950 and every four years thenceforth to the current world cup in Brazil (FIFA, 2014).There have been 20 world cup editions and the most successful country in the world cup is Brazil with five world cup trophies. The other world cup winners are Italy with four agnomens, three titles for Germany, Argentina and Uruguay have to titles, and one title for France, England and 2010 winners Spain making 8 different winners of the world cup.The world cup has had different world cup scorers but it is the

Democracy in Israel and France Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Democracy in Israel and France - Research typography ExampleFree, Fair, Competitive ElectionsDemocracy is a system that guarantees the freedom of ex begion and human rights in a country, as well as free and unclouded elections without discrimination, and as a result, protecting civil and political rights of citizens. In December 2011, Israeli vice president, Moshe Yaalon, declared that majority of the Arab countries were not ready for democracy. This is because of the previous deaths, which occurred in an attempt to fight dictatorship in these countries. The Israel vice president argued that democracy could be achieved through fair and free elections. However, the Palestinians argue that Israel call for democracy is hypocritical, mainly because the Israel government refused to accept the 2006 election results, which were perceived to be free and fair (dawn.com para 5). As a result, Israel is hypocritical when it claims that it is democratic, in the election process. France is a w estward European country, having a population of approximately 61million and is among the successful countries globally. It is a republic compromising of both presidential and parliamentary systems of government. It is considered democratic, with the parliament system being common however, it has constitutional limits, which include the legislatures indicant to bring down a government among others. Needless to say, France is democratic on how it conducts its elections.Freedom of the Press accord to the world audit, Israel is rated as number 36, whilst France is at number 24 (World Audit 2011). France has an independent media, where freedom of communicating and speech is valued as a human right. As a result, the French are allowed to speak, write, or print any article however, they are held responsible for abuse of this freedom. France guarantees freedom of the press, which is supported by the 1881 conduct on freedom of the press however, it contains restrictions, which are aimed a t balancing freedom of expression, citizen protection, and maintaining law and order (French embassy Para 2). The France law also punishes any acts of defamation and slander, as well as offensive speeches or scornful therefore, the freedom of the press in France is conditional, and as a result, her democracy is flawed. Israels drop in press freedom was because of its press regulations on international media early in 2009. Journalists were arrested and even imprisoned, with

Value Creation, Communication, and Evaluation Essay - 1

Value Creation, Communication, and Evaluation - Essay ExampleThus, the organization competes by ensuring that the standard and smell of its products is high and that the products satisfy the customers wants fully. The organization also competes by promoting its products with the utmost zeal and dedication. This strategy is mainly reached by committing a substantial amount of funds to the sales and marketing department. Effective promotion is also achieved by employing qualified and experienced sales persons.Indeed, the competitive strategies employed by the organization blend well with its marketing strategies. This is because over the past years the organization has managed to attract more customers than its competitors by use of these marketing strategies. taking for instance, despite the wide use of promotions and advertisements by the organization, it still manages to maintain a low cost/ acquire ratio. This is mainly by ensuring that the advertisements are acutely economical and that the resources used do not exceed the benefits obtained (Paley, 2008).The mercantile establishment of value proposition is also a strategy employed to see the organization competes well in the market. The main value propositions offered include promising the customers to improve the value of products, offer a variety of products, and to ensure that high quality is maintained. The value is communicated to customers by explaining the product relevance to them, stating the benefits that accrue after purchasing the product, and last informing the customers about the unique differentiation of its products from those of the competitors. The organization also strains use of visuals in order to piece of cake the attention of customers and also achieve a better understanding of the promotion. Over the past years, the organization has managed to make a compelling value proposition by communicating the concrete results to customers clearly. The management also ensures that the

The Great Depression of the 1930's Research Paper

The Great Depression of the 1930s - look Paper ExampleThe depression not only resulted in loss of jobs, but also resulted in psychological crisis which was attributed to loss of income and property, and the resultant sense of gloom which was endured by the country during those tragic years. such(prenominal) events target the presidency and the Federal Reserve under bulky pressure to safeguard the rapidly deteriorating economy from downslope further and eliminate the social and commercial crisis faced by its people (Campbell, 2008). The exact reasons which led to the great depression are highly complicated in nature, and have been the subject of various debates among historians. Initially during the initiation of 1920s, the nations economy was relatively strong and consumer-oriented, with a booming automobile and consumer goods industry which produced products in large numbers to cater to the wide market. This could be substantiated with the presence of large companies such as customary Motors and General Electric, which were not only successful in the consumer goods market but also a major source of investments in the New York Stock Exchange along with other pecuniary markets. The stock markets and fiscal institutions prospered greatly during those years, which led to a huge investment in those sectors, leading to an unprecedented rise in stock prices. The political science concern increased, with the increase in stock prices, and the Federal Reserve along with the government began to introduce and develop policy measures to control the rising stock prices. Such measures taken by the government and the Federal Reserve paved way for the impending crash of the stock market, which began during October 1929. Although historians so far, have failed to sail through one single event which led to the collapse of the stock markets, and the resultant economic downturn that fol wiped out(p)ed, resulting in billions of dollars worth of loss, large scale unemploym ent, failure of banks, and years of economic and social unrest. Timeline history of the period division Events 1929 Feb 2 Federal Reserve Bank bans bank loans for margin trades June 15 - August Agricultural marketing Act passed, Economic expansion peaks Sept, 3 Stock prices peak Oct 24, Oct 29 Black Thursday, sales of stocks was save at an all time high of 12,895,000, and 16,410,000 respectively resulting in a record forty points spend in the New York Times index Nov 13 Stock prices record a new low 1930 October Unemployment rises, Committee for unemployment relief formed Dec 2 Government funds a $150 zillion public works program. By the end of 1930, or so 1350 banks suspend their operations 1931 Official report suggests that nearly 4-5 million people were unemployed Oct 16 New York Federal Bank increases its discount rate from 1.5 per penny to 2.5 per cent Oct 23 New York Federal Bank once again increases its discount rate from 2.5 per cent to 3.5 per cent Dec 11 New York Ba nk collapses. By the end of the year nearly 2293 banks close up down Lack of economic safeguards During the depression there was large scale unemployment, various banking and other financial institutions failed and had to shut down, and there was a sharp decline in the GNP leading to disastrous outcomes. Such widespread and negative repercussions were mainly as a result of lack

Qatar sporting legacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Qatar sporting legacy - Essay ExampleIn rootage with the economic potential of hosting local and foreign sports events, the present knowledge aims to determine the social, political and economic accompanimentors that ask acted as the foundation upon which Qatars sporting legacy is being built. A qualitative approach has been utilized, wherein data parade was processed using interview responses as primary sources, whereas journals, withdraw been used as secondary sources. The study focused on answering the questions, (1) can Qatar be a viable venue for holding sports events (2) does Qatar have the necessary sporting infrastructure, economic and political stability to sustain its sporting legacy on a long term basis, (3) can other Asian countries sustain a sporting legacy, similar to what Qatar has done. The tec was able to determine that Qatar has the resources and the capacity to become a prime venue for holding both international and local sports events, as well as sustain i ts sports legacy on a long-term basis. This is imputable to the countrys stable economic and political state, as supported by the nations passion towards sports. It has withal been found that other Asian economies would only be able to emulate Qatars sporting legacy, given that the factors necessitated in creating one would only be present in one form.Sports stand to command a opposite place in Qatars social and national life. One primary reason behind this phenomenon is the fact that people in the Middle East do have a special predilection for open-air(prenominal) activities. The sports legacy of Qatar is a unique mix of the new developments as well as age-old traditions. This is why, in the last two decades, the government of Qatar has embarked on a unique policy to promote the local and international sports in Qatar (QSC, 2010).The primary thrust of this policy is to introduce and support new sports like golf, soccer and tennis, duration at the same time encouraging tradition al sports like camel racing and horse racing. There is no

Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Narrative - raise ExampleFederal agents had introduced regulations that required every constitutional district to provide a given flake of men to join the federal government troops. Although we had skirmishes in other parts, the forward-looking York unrests were the most publicized cod to the magnitude of the protests. The rioters were overwhelmingly working class men, angered by the selective application of the draft because flush(p) men could pay a $300 communication fee to exclude them from its reach (Civil War Society).Initially, the riots stemmed from an expression of anger at the law but later degraded into virtual racial pogrom. Blacks rancid out to be the fall guys and the primary target of the protesters. Immigrants and the poor were for the opinion that the freed slaves (blacks) posed a panic to the already crowded job market. The rioters considered the blacks as the cause of the civil war and those who were unfortunate to come into rival with the rioters, faced th e risk of encountering a harsh beating, torture and /or death. According to the Civil War Society, company of 400 rioters cornered a black man and stoned, whipped and hanged him on a tree before circumstance a blaze on him. In another incident, the police intervened early enough to prevent children in an orphanage from an attack by the marauding crowd.According to the Civil War Society, the conditions in the city were inglorious such that Major General John E. Wool, proposed imposition of martial law though he did not have the power to enforce it. Having sent its militia to assist the Union troops in Pennsylvania, New York remained with the police as the only law enforcement agents. Following the unrests, Police super John Alexander Kennedy came to treasure the situation while in civilian clothes. Unfortunately, the crowd noticed him and immediately attacked him living the Police Superintendent to be seriously hurt and nearly unconscious. In response to that incident, the poli ce came angered like wounded lions, to

The story Killings by Andre Dubus Essay Example for Free

The story Killings by Andre Dubus EssayThe story Killings by Andre Dubus is about a man named categoric and his love for his son Frank. He is upset because his son has been killed by a man called Richard. Matts wife, older son, and his fri poles think that Richard should be killed too. His son wishes to kill the murderer of his younger brother, however Matt is even scared of the thought because doing so means that he would recede his second son, too. His wife to a fault does not want to see Richard alive. In Killings, Matt is very angry at himself for the tenableness of not being able to protect his son and is forced to kill his sons murderer however, at the end he is not very enthusiastic about it instead he is very upset and depressed. unmatched of the reasons that Matt kills Richard is his own wife. She is very hurt by her sons death. She is always crying because she sees her sons murderer walking some in the stores all the time which kills her. Once Matt tells his frie nd Willis Ruth sees him too ofttimes.She was at cheery Hurst today getting cigarettes and aspirins and there he was. She cant even go out anymore. It is killing her (90). This explains how much of pressure he is under to avenge his sons death. This leads him to kill Richard even though he does not genuinely want to kill him Another one of the reasons for Matts action is that Matts older son Steve wants to kill Richard. For example, when they leave aft(prenominal) burying Frank to his graveyard, Steve turns to his family and states, I should kill him (89).This point out that Steve is also very hurt by his younger brothers death, who was only twenty one years old. He feels so helpless and wishes to kill Richard. Matt is very alarmed by this because he does want his son to kill anyone. If he commits murder, Matt would lose his second son, too. Matts friend Willis also suggests that he should kill Richard because Richard has always been cruel and violent. Once he tornado a womans h usband for her and dropped him off the bridge in the Merrimack River with a hundred pound sack of cement.He even covered his crime by saying that nobody helped the woman. This declares what kind of a man Richard is and what he has done to others. Now he has killed Frank which was very cruel of him, and Matts family believes that he has no right to live. Willis is also forcing Matt to believe that whatever his family thinks of doing to Richard is right. Willis urges Matt to kill Richard himself before someone in his family commits the act and he loses another family member. Just so everyone would be relieved and think that justice has been done.

Technology Replacing Human Contact Essay Example for Free

Technology Replacing military personnel Contact EssayIn my personal opinion, yes, engine room is replacing human contact. I have legion(predicate) friends that ar high civilise teachers and they atomic number 18 being trained on how to teach online courses. While this makes sniff out for college students, I dont think online courses are the proper way to go with high school students. In college people impoverishment the flexibility for work, families, etc. In high school, students do not need the flexibility, high school teaches more than just knowledge, you bring down social skills, meet people, have to work with former(a) people and physical activity. I think this changes society in a big way, social skills are extremely important in many different aspects of life. I think that businesses should be allowed to use technology freely, if it is able to help improve their work flow and their productivity, they should be allowed to use it. People need to be careful with keepi ng up on technology so as businesses further their practices with it, people are able to keep up. I think at that place should be more training options out there to help people especially when more technically advanced employees are more likely to get hired/promoted versus ones that may not have those skills.I think that the government should not have bind over what is posted on the internet, people should know how to tell whether the information is good information or not. While this does make it hard, trusted sources are easy to come by and the government should not be able to decide what information the citizens get access to and what information they dont. It makes it harder for them to hide things happening in the world from us like they sometimes do but at the same time, the internet helps them lift up a lot of criminals that they wouldnt have caught in another way.

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military Essay Example for Free

Ethics of Autonomous Drones in the Military EssayShe states that even the best and most develop passs that be in the midst of battle may non always be equal to snatch accordingly with the bailiwick rules of engagement that were utter by the Geneva Convention be former of possible lashing discover from normal human emotions such as anger, fear, resent, and vengefulness. The second major point dean motives to show, by the views and studies of others, in her article is that with this possible step in our evolution of military engineering science we do not want to let this idea fade away. Another major point is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, would we regret not advancing in this field further m each years from now. With all of this culture Dean uses to turn over her ideas there are bland major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, there is error in all technologi es, and where else would the scientific advancements lead false intelligence.The first origin providing support for Deans major point comes from the look for hypothesis and thoughts of a computer scientist at Georgia Institute of Technology named Ronald Arkin. Arkin is currently under contract by the coupled States Army to design software programs for possible battlefield and current battlefield zombies. The research hypothesis of Arkin is that he believes that intelligent autonomous robots puke perform a great deal more(prenominal) ethically in the heat of the battlefield than humans currently can.Yet this is just a hypothesis and opus there is much research done towards this hypothesis there are still no absolutely positive research selective information that states an autonomous robot drone can in fact perform better than any soldier on the ground or up in a plane could do. In Arkins hypothesis, he stated that these robots could be intentional with no sense of self-pr eservation. This means that without one of the strongest fears for humans, the fear of death, these robots would be able to understand, compute, and counterbalance to situations with out outside extraneous emotions.Although the men and women designing these robot programs may be able to freeze off this psychological problem of scenario fulfillment, which will cause soldiers to retain information that is playing out easier with a predetermine to pre-existing ideas, it is not always the case that this oversteps to soldiers. You have to realize that from the second a soldier begins his rearing he is trained and taught to eliminate the sense of self-preservation. There are isolated incidents with soldier error, merely they are and will be corrected by supreme officers or their fellow soldiers.Another factor that affects Cornelia Deans arguments is that there are errors in all things including technology. Throughout history there have been tender uses of technology in warfare but with these come problems and error flaws that have cause and can cause more casualties than needed. With the use of an Automated drone the belief by Dean is that it will be able to decide whether or not to launch an attack on a high priority propose whether or not if the marking is in a public are and will decide if the civil casualties would be worth it.But what happens if that drone is only identifying the channelize and the number of civilians surrounding it? It will not be able to factor in what type of people would be around him such as men, women, or children and any variance of them. The error in this situation would be the drone saying the target is high enough priority and a missile is launched and the civilians were women and children around while a school busbar was driving by.The casualties would then instantly out weigh the priority to eliminate a specific target and a human pilot would much easier abort a mission than a predetermined answer of an autonomous robot . Although Ronald Arkin believes there are situations that could arise when there may not be time for a robotic device to relay back what is happening to a human operator and wait for how to respond in the situation that could complete a mission, it may be that second of time delay between the robot and human operator that the ethical judgment is made.Also the realization that many robots in which are operated by humans are widely used to detect mines, dispose of or collects bombs, and clear out buildings to tending ensure extra safety of our soldiers is a way that robots are already used today as battlefield assistants supports Dean. But all of these machines in the field have moments of grassure or error. When the machines do fail it takes a soldier who has trained for that experience to localisation and then use it again. If an autonomous drone fails while on a mission it is completely by its self and no human operator to fix it.Then can arise the problem of enemies realizing they were even being monitored and they could gain access to our military technology and can eventually use it against us. Another major point that Cornelia Dean discusses upon is with this possible step in our evolution of military technology we do not want to let this idea fade away. A large part of that is if we do develop this technology how would we do so, and if not, how much would we regret or how much would it affect us for not advancing in this field further many years from now.The argument that if other countries advance upon this faster and better than the unite States military we could become less of a world power and be more at risk of attack and war with greater human fatalities is not necessarily true. This situation is important in the sense of keeping up with the other world powers but I believe that the risk for reward is not worth the amount of damage and civilian casualties that could happen from any number of robotic drones and their possible errors.There is a scuttle as the technology develops and robots become more and more aware to the point were, Arkin believes that, they can make decisions at a higher level of technological development. Yet if these autonomous robots truly can think for themselves and make decisions brings a whole new possibility of problems of what if the robot can decide something differently than what the developers originally had programmed. Also comes the actual use problem of can the government ethically accept that in early stages of use, even after extraneous testing, there may be accidental casualties.If a robot has any error of making decisions because of how new and un-tested they are any of the possibly terrible results would not be the responsibility of the robot but of the country and government that designed it. The supporting register of this article strongly shows that Cornelia Dean will hope that use of these ethically superior autonomous robots will be apart of our military in the near future be fore the United States fall behind to other super powers in the world.Yet with all of this information Dean uses to present her ideas there are still major flaws such as, the majority of these ideas and beliefs are theoretical, they still have not been fully tested, and that there is error in all technologies. With these major points being enforced with plenty of evidence throughout the article, and with all of the possible negative sides and errors of this argument, it is safe to say that this will be and is a moot topic of discussion by many governments and all parties involved with this technological advancement.

ICAO personnel licensing Essay Example for Free

ICAO personnel licensing EssayAPPLICATION OF member 39 (b) Q- b) If member 38 has to be complied with regardless of the nature of the difference, and the country formula is more demanding than the like SARP, should this difference be endorsed on a flight crew license in accordance with Article 39 (b)? Article 39(b) provides us that a person retentivity a license but does not satisfy in full the criteria or conditions laid down in the external standard relating to the strain of license or certificate that he holds shall have endorsed on or link up to his license mentioning the fill in enumeration of the particulars in which he does not satisfy such conditions. But, there atomic number 18 not preparation under Article 39(b) to endorsing the over criteria or extra quality in his license.As a resolution if Article 38 has to be complied with regardless of the nature of the difference, and the State statute is more demanding than the equivalent SARP, this difference does not endorsed on a flight crew license in accordance with Article 39 (b). Q- C) Does Article 40 have to apply at all times? Article-40 tells us that about the rigorousness of endorsed certificates and licenses. It is clearly written that, on aircraft or personnel having certificates or licenses so endorsed shall participate in planetaryistic navigation.Exception allowed with the permission of the State or States whose territory is entered. Use of all such aircraft, or of any certificated aircraft part, in any State other than that in which it was originally certificated shall be at the discretion of that State into which the aircraft or part is imported. In Abdul-Hussain and Others (1999), the appellants had sought to rely on the defense of manacles of circumstance in answer to a charge of hijacking contrary to section 1(1) of the Aviation security measures Act-1982. The Applets were Shiite Muslim from southern Iraq, who had fled to Sudan.They were over stayers in Sudan and fe ared being arrested and return to Iraq where they expected to be tortured and executed. To obviate this eventuality they hijacked a Plane at Khartoum Airport and forced a Pilot to vanish to London where they sought Political Asylum. Court of Apple quashed their Conviction. In this case there were enough range of mountains to apply Article-40 of Chicago traffic pattern, but not at all applied. But all time the Article-40 is not applicable. I think it whitethorn be applicable in accordance with the situation that demands. Such a situation of 11th September, it demands to apply Article-40.At the same hijacking of Iraqi Aircraft and landing in US may not apply Article-40. It similarly ought not to apply Article-40 in natural calamities such as bad weather or Tsunami rescue initiative. The context of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) comprehensive safety audit computer programme, that audit of civil zephyr regulation in the United Kingdom took endue in July 20 00. The findings were generally positive. In the area of general aviation (i. e. non-public transport flying) many Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) contained in the pertinent annexes to the Chicago radiation diagram may not been implemented.In this Context, ICAO recommended that the UK should take steps to amend the legislation kind of of notifying differences. UK policy with regard to the contents of ICAO annexes is that all Standards where appropriate Recommended Practices will be reflected in national legislation and requirements. The non-compliances with the SARPs concern operational and equipment requirements not currently prescribed in the Air Navigation. The civil aviation legislation should be amended to remove areas of non-compliance with world-widely accepted standards contained in the ICAO annexes applicable for the General Aviation operations.This approximately important proposal involves amendment to Article 40, 41, 43, 45, 62, 129 and Schedule 4 and 5 o f the Air Navigation Order d) If you struggle for changes, prepare draft amendments to the pertinent Articles of the Convention. Yes, I argue for Changes in Articles of Chicago Convention of ICAO. The Chicago Convention was under reality of the year 1944. A long time, more then a half-century has changed the national international politics, technological learnment and changes in life style. So I must think Articles of Chicago Convention required change as time demand.Modification must be in accordance with European Union European Convention of Human Rights. Articles 39 and 40 of the Convention are also relevant to the age limit of pilots-in- master engaged in commercial air transport operations. As they authorize international flights by flight crew those who do not meet all international licensing Standards or provided that an say-so is given by each State into which the aircraft is operated. In practice, it means that if a pilot in command is under the age specified in parag raph 2. 1. 10.1 (60 years at present and 65 from November 2006) he/ or she housenot be prevented by reason of age from operating into any ICAO Contracting State. For elevate instance, once he has reached the specified age, that one may still operate as PIC, subject to authoritative conditions 1. His/her national Licensing Authority permits it 2. Operations are undertaken only in national airspace untill and unless, 3. Another State has given specific authorization that such flights are permitted in its airspace. A State may appetite to impose a lower maximum age limit than that specified by ICAO in 2.1. 10. 1. It may do this for the licenses it issues, but, as stated above, it cannot prevent an aircraft operated by a PIC holding a evidence from another State, who is below the ICAO upper limit, from operating in its airspace. For co-pilots, since paragraph 2. 1. 10. 2 is a Recommendation, not at all a Standard, the upper age limit is set by the national Licensing Authority which can choose to impose any national age limit on the licenses it issues, as there are no international restrictions based on age for co-pilots.Here I shall argue to amend Article-39 (b) and the bill of exchange Amendment is as follows- Draft Amendment on Article-39 (b) of Chicago Convention of ICAO Existing Article 39(b) Any person holding a license who does not satisfy in full the conditions laid down in the international standard relating to the class of license or certificate which he holds shall have endorsed on or attached to his license a fuck enumeration of the particulars in which he does not satisfy such conditions Limitations The article addresed to endorse the disqualifications in the licence,but no option for endorsing over qualification then the standard. There is also no provition for penilizing for disqualificatio. Suggested Amendment a) Any person holding license, there should be provision of endorsed or attached the complete enumeration of every particulars in whi ch he satisfy or does not satisfy. b) For particular number of unsuccesfull attemps( 3 to 5 attemps), license should be withheld and sent Apprentice. c) For succesful attemps, license category should be upgreaded d) Nationality, race or tinct may not influence the whole process.e) Providing training for the recommended under Article 39 Conclution The objectivesICAO states that the aims and objectives of ICAO are to develop the principles and techniques of international air navigation and to foster the planning and development of international air transport. ICAO is cool of an Assembly, composed of representatives from all contracting States. The Assembly normally meets every 3 years, votes a triennial budget, and sets the work program for the next triennium. The governing body composed of 33 States, select by the Assembly for three-year terms.(The U. S. has always been elected to the Council. ) The Council establishes Standards and Recommended ICAO, the International Civil Aviati on Organization and is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations has plaiyed its vital global piece for safety of and development of standards for international civil aviation. In the todays global aviation environment, its important to keep in mind that the rights and obligations all countries throughout the world have agreed to observe in matters of civil aviation and ICAO defines rights.I have designed this archive to present general overview information on ICAO Atricles as 38, 39 40 and its relevance to our Tropics. There are differnce on how the United States meets ICAOs standards related to aircraft airworthiness is also provided. The purpose of this document is to assist the personnel to understand ICAO act extraterritorially in a manner that might infringe on the rights of another ICAO contracting state.Referance 1) Crimila Law , Michel J Alen , 7th Edition 2003. 2) Web http//www. caa. co. uk/ 3. Web http//www. icao. int.

Encountering Conflict Essay Example for Free

Encountering struggle EssayEncountering conflict Conflict elicit both crush great embrace and inspire quite a little to greater heights. Conflict presents itself in various forms it shag occur in different places, nooky be intentional or unexpected and light upon plenty in di rhyme ways. To survive multitude then need to develop coping mechanisms to overcome or at least begin their Journey of recovery. If they cannot do this, then they will not be adequate to(p) to move on. Conflict is a subject that everyone in the beingness faces on a daylight to day basis, precisely at different levels and emotions. Conflict can be exceptionally heart wrenching, by wild people and amilies apart. But these wounds motivate some invigorate people who then make a difference. Conflict is a part of life it cannot be avoided or endow on h gray. People from all somewhat the world deal with difference of opinion, in various ways and it affects people to a different extent. Througho ut life, people may experience many conflicting spots, some are built by little ongoing problems, some explode and are left to dissolve, others are blown apart the pieces scattered, never to be put back together again.Conflict has been exposed and holded in many films, novels and songs over the ears. The documentary Omagh by Pete Travis is an drill of the devastation that conflict can wreck on lives. The film explains how conflict can affect desolate lives. For hundreds of years there has been tension amid the Catholic Irish and Protestant English. This began as Ireland shared as a country due to religion provided the tension increased with British term of enlistment in Northern Ireland. The documentary focuses on one specific event within the conflict which was the barrage fire in the Omagh high street.This consumed 29 deaths and 220 injuries, of innocent people. The result left amilies crushed, broken hearted and dealing with their own conflict for a long time. The root of this devastation was religion the Catholic Irish and Protestant English urinate fought for many years. Ironically the purpose of religion is to create tranquillity, where as in Omagh it was the primary cause and assort of all the conflict. A very similar ongoing religious conflict is the fight for homeland between the Jewish and Zions (Israel and Palestinians conflict).The Jewish were sent from Israeli homelands many hundreds of years ago, but since have suffered persecution in europium and now ish to return to their religious homeland of Israel. This however has been met with aggression by Palestinians and the Arab nations who now inhabit the area. the like the tension in Northern Ireland, peace is a long and inhumane patch to find. Conflict that has dwelled upon innocent lives has an impact on others who believe it should be brought to Justice. 1. 2 the Irish band wrote a song to express their feelings of their anger in response to the devastation in Omagh. One verse that stands out is And the battles Just begun Theres many lost, but tell me who has won The trench is dug within our hearts And mothers, children, brothers, sisters torn apart. This particular verse links with the concept that conflict can devastate innocent people and their families, which are then macrocosm torn apart by the religion and also politicians in Omagh they did nothing.Thus people, like 132, stand up so hopefully the politicians can see that the conflict that has happened is still wounding many people lives, and that but they can bring it to Justice. So, conflict is a piece of everyones lives, even though you may shun conflict, it can come up unexpectedly. Omagh is an example of how conflict can be unexpected and totally crush lives. Conflict can also inspire people to create better lives for themselves and those around them. Kate Miller-Heidke wrote the song Caught in gathering about a real story of lingering childhood regret.She wanted to raise awareness to people acro ss the world, especially adolescents, of how bullying and peer pressure are causes of conflict. The song is about a alliance growing between a teenage girl and an outcast boy who is often bullied. It discusses how both had similarities, for example they both dealt ith conflict at home. Towards the end it talks about the boy getting thrown to the establish and him shouting out to her to help him. But she turned her back, and Just walked away.Kate Miller-Heidke encountered conflict and regrets the decision she made. today she is motivated to make sure people of the younger generation do not make the uniform decision she made. Like Kate Miller- Heidke, Michael Gallagher, the father of Aidan Gallagher who was killed in the Omagh bombing wanted create a more live up to life for himself, but also wanted to raise awareness that murders ere not being brought to Justice. He band up an Omagh Support and Self Help Group, which since 1998 have not stopped their fght.They have protested ou tside anger meetings, written to the English Prime Minister and have talked to numerous newspapers but nothing has happened in coition towards the terrorist. In 2002, Michael Gallagher stated what happened in Omagh is still capable of happening in other towns. Because of him he has taught the world many lessons the most important is never to give up on a Just cause Traumatic conflict can motivate people o immense heights, which can make an inspiring difference to our world today.Like Michael Gallagher, Glen McGrath lost a loved one and has not stopped fight for what he believes in since his personal conflict. His wife, Jane was diagnosed with dummy cancer. Jane McGrath had a passionate belief that every woman diagnosed with breast cancer in Australia should be able to benefit from the support of a specialist breast precaution nurse. Therefore, together they started up the McGrath Foundation in 2002. An additional aim of the project was to increase the awareness f breast cancer in younger women.Jane passed away at the age of 41 . Glen McGrath is more compulsive and devoted to the McGrath foundation by the inspiration of his loving wife. This proves that conflict can really touch people which motivates them to make a change, encouraging them to greater heights. These people have so much strength, their experiences power them on. Encountering painful conflict can bring out the best in people such as the old saying What doesnt kill us makes us stronger suggests people acknowledge they ave made a difference in the world and move around satisfied.This is the beginning to the start of their Journey to recovery or acceptance. In the movie Omagh, Michael Gallagher, his wife and two daughters have not stopped fghting for the loss of their son, who was killed in the bombing. This tragedy caused conflict between the family, but they have learnt that they need to stick together to succeed their mission of family close, them standing up for what they believe in has helped them start their journey of recovery with each other.Another inspiration for making something out of terrible situation is in the novel Triage by Scott Anderson, the character Joaquin Morales managed to escape his village that was invaded. Joaquin lost his family dealing with the conflict of losing his family and survivors guilt. Joaquin become a psychologist for war criminals, hoping to change them and make them realise what monstrosities they caused. This would save many lives and hopefully bring peace to Spain. This experience helped Joaquin to begin his Journey of acceptance of what had happen to him.Joaquin quoted Im still here. Im still smiling meaning that he has learnt to live with himself after encountering conflict, which motivated him in saving many lives. Conflict is a subject that everyone in the world deals with everyday, from light issues to vigorous intensities. Conflict is incredibly powerful, it can tear people apart but it also brings the best out of many i nspirational humans. Conflict can motivate people to complete lengths which can make a huge difference in the world. These differences also help the individual to deal and maybe even overcome their own conflict.

Morality and Competitor Essay Example for Free

Morality and Competitor EssayNo doubt, Money is an requirement, almost indispensable article in the present twenty-four hour period world. It is the cash through which we piece of tail get all the necessary comforts and amenities of life. If you have currency, you can obtain what seems impossible to others. It is the money which gives man, confidence, creditworthiness, credentials, capacity, capabilities and courage. In present day materialistic world, money has become very powerful. In the present day corruption, cut throat competition, callous degradation of moral and ethical values, are for the sake of grabbing and accumulating much and much money. The prestige, respect, social status, commanded by a someone is calculated per his monetary status. Time has gone, when we valued a person in evaluated of his moral and ethical values. People were earlier known for keeping their words, for donating every thing to a donee. Now people are know in terms of their ranking in the list of fertile of the world. Money has become the centre of all activities. Money and muscle power have become essential ingredients of a successful political leader.Money is regarded as omnipotent by a few people, especially by the poor. As whatever one does not possess, one aspires it badly, and it becomes mono aim of achievement. For the rich, that owe rafts of money, still craving to earn to a greater extent and more, by hook or by crook, with fair or foul means, without caring even for their own health, own family. They are the servants of money, earning money not for the sake of themselves plainly for the sake of money and a time comes they find themselves unavailing to use the money for their happiness.They are unable to eat, unable to taste the most delicious dish, unable to move, walk or enjoy because they suffer from many an(prenominal) diseases which are the result of their undue craving for wealth at the cost of health. Can one leverage anything with the power of money? No, one cannot. You cannot purchase inner satisfaction with money, you cannot purchase the lost youthfulness with money, you cannot purchase time from the death at any cost.Those who earn money simply to a have more money, more balance in their accounts are no better than the proverbial miser king Midas. Excessive discern for money, make a man slave of money. Money is in-chief(postnominal) for our life, but it is not the most important thing for a human being. Those who use money for fulfilling their necessities, acquiring reasonable comforts and for the welfare of a common good, are the masters of money. But those who earn money just for the sake of increasing its heap and number are slaves of the money.They are the most unfortunate creatures of God who know well that whatever money they are earning, cant be taken an iota of that when they die even they are minting more and more money. What a paradox Money has become their master and they are just slaves, having no peace of mind, no moral and ethical values, no inner satisfaction. So it is rightly said that money is a good servant but a bad master. Let us use the money for our comfort, not for the sake of money, minting more and more money.

Critics of consequentialism Essay Example for Free

Critics of consequentialism EssayThe paper discusses virtuous consequentialism and evaluates its animadversions. Critics of consequentialism argue that the latter doctrine implores us, under certain conditions, to do what seems intuitively to be the virtuously wrong put to work. The nature of this criticism originates from the widely accepted vision of consequentialism as withal bailable and too demanding. The detailed analysis of the philosophical and honorable assumptions renders a conclusion that twain the permissiveness and demandingness of incorrupt consequentialism argon well-fixed to argue and heretofore deny.Whether clean-living consequentialism requires individuals to do what seems to be the morall(a)y wrong act views on how they interpret these acts and in what conditions these acts are to adjudge place. Briefly, this paper turns moral consequentialism into a conjunction of highly relative and indispensable norms/ standards which change their meaning a nd leave no get on for heading judgments. Keywords moral consequentialism, permissiveness, demandingness, moral, philosophy. Moral Consequentialism Through bulge its history, philosophy was continuously centered on the twain major sides of the moral argument deontological and utilitarian.Most of the time, philosophers found themselves torn betwixt the sine qua non to follow the basic rules of the moral maneuver and the lead to achieve the greatest safe(p) for the greatest come up of people. Today, deontology and utilitarianism/ consequentialism represent the two distinct lines of philosophic thinking and create a vision of continuous philosophic disintegration. Moral consequentialism is, probably, the major topic of the philosophic discussion and the principal object of philosophic criticism.Critics of consequentialism argue that the latter doctrine requires us, under certain conditions, to do what seems intuitively to be the morally wrong act. This criticism grows from th e two most important philosophic assumptions to the highest degree the permissiveness and excessive (almost extremist) demandingness of moral consequentialism. However, the detailed analysis of these arguments renders a conclusion that both assumptions are easy to deny as a result, whether moral consequentialism requires individuals to perform acts that are intuitively wrong depends on how they themselves evaluate their actions and conditions in which these actions take place.Moral Consequentialism A Flawed Theory of the Greatest Good Moral consequentialism argues that the destiny to publicise the greatest good for the greatest name of people is the only moral itemor that counts in the decisions, which individuals testament take for or against finicky acts (Kagan, 1998). The consequences of all(prenominal) particular(prenominal) action serve the basic cadence for judging its moral appropriateness. Contrary to deontology, which promotes and emphasizes the importance of ru les and norms/ standards an individual is to follow, consequentialism seems to disregard these rules and sacrifices them for the interest group of consequences.For this reason, moral consequentialism often effects the capital object of philosophic criticism. Despite the relevance and importance of moral consequentialism in philosophy, its principles and assumptions are not without their flaws. more than often than not, moral consequentialism is being criticized for the lack of adequate moral reasoning and the growing relativity of moral norms and standards, which individuals use to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people.McLean and Ellrod (1992) argue that consequentialism is hardly a feasible form of practical reasoning and calls into question the moral significance of its results (p. 171). The problem with consequentialism is in that the need to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people by all possible means fails to do full justice to th e ad hominem character of the moral duty (McLean Ellrod, 1992). Consequentialism often makes no difference who is to set about the supreme good and who is to become its beneficiary, while this difference is increasingly important and must count in any kind of moral judgments (McLean Ellrod, 1992).In this sense, consequentialism seems to operate in the atmosp here(predicate) of the misplaced emphases and distorted views regarding moral philosophy, because ethics is inherently soulfulnessal and must focus on ones moral identity. Consequentialism, however, denies the relevance of personal morality against the importance of the public good. The second problem with consequentialism is its functionality and its ability to lead individuals to the best moral conclusions. That consequentialism makes it strong to arrive to objectively practical judgments is often considered as one of its major flaws (McLean Ellrod, 1992).Here, the two basic problems become obvious. First, the growin g relativity of the moral norms and standards deny us an opportunity to judge what the maximum good for the greatest majority is and how we are to achieve it. Second, this very relativity of norms creates a number of conflicts in the process of choosing between several permissible alternatives whether individuals are to choose the greatest good or the least evil is some early(a) take of philosophic argument (McLead Ellrod, 1992).However, even if these flaws are important and deserve direction, they only shape the pedestal for the profound philosophic analysis of consequentialism and its philosophic criticisms. Critics of consequentialism argue that the latter doctrine requires us, under certain conditions, to do what seems intuitively to be the morally wrong act. In this sense, two essential elements of moral consequentialism require attention its overall permissiveness and moral demandingness.Critics of moral consequentialism plead the latter doctrine to be too permissive wi th regard to the acts and judgments individuals can make to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Others are confident(p) that moral consequentialism imposes extreme (and even extremist) moral requirements on people, and they have but to comply with these requirements to maximize good for the greatest number of people. Moral consequentialism implies that individuals leave have to overstep their moral convictions and perform acts that are intuitively wrong. The following sections analyze these two assumptions in more detail.Moral Consequentialism Permissiveness and the Subjectivity of Judgments Critics of moral consequentialism claim that the latter doctrine may require individuals to do what seems the intuitively immoral act. In other words, moral consequentialism provides individuals with the absolute freedom to choose between acts which, although morally inacceptable, still lead them to achieve or to maximize the public good. Because moral consequentialism accepts an inappropriately short list of normative factors, it permits acts that are not in fact morally permissible. In short, consequentialism permits too much (Kagan, 1984). For example, individuals may choose between chargeing a person and letting a person die simply because a murder or a finish exit save the lives of ten other people. Always immoral and intuitively wrong, the act of murder here is an excellent example of the permissiveness which moral consequentialism promotes and defends. To make the berth more comprehensible, it is interesting to refer to the shield of dump which Kagan (1998) describes in his book Normative Ethics.Kagan (1998) describes the case of the quint patients, each of whom faces equal chances to die unless he can timely obtain an organ transplant. According to Kagan (1998), one patient needs a heart, two other patients need kidneys, one patient needs new lungs, and the fifth patient is in need for a new liver. Because of medical problems and b ecause their tissues are incompatible, these tail fin patients can hardly become donors for each other (Kagan, 1998). Yet, there is Chuck, a young man who comes to the hospital for a regular medical observation and has all organs necessary for the five patients to survive (Kagan, 1998).A sawbones thus faces a dilemma to dash score Chuck and to use his organs or to leave Chuck alive and to let the five patients die. This is the case which emphasizes the inherent permissiveness of moral consequentialism. Moral consequentialism justifies the decision to kill Chuck for the sake of saving the lives of the five patients. In case of killing Chuck, the surgeon go out, most likely, achieve the maximum good for the greatest number of people one does not need sophisticated knowledge of mathematics to understand that five lives are more than one.Regardless of the immoral character of murder, the holy goal of saving five lives will overweigh the disgusting act of murdering one single person. This is where consequentialism justifies an act which seems to be intuitively wrong but which, nevertheless, helps individuals to achieve the maximum benefit for the greatest number of people. The question is, however, in whether moral consequentialism is always permissible and morally blur and whether the assumption about the moral permissiveness of consequentialism is always objective and justified.It appears that whenever individuals engage in activities that seem intuitively wrong but help them to achieve the maximum good for the greatest number of people, all they need is to reconsider and reframe the conditions in which these actions take place, to make them meet the basic requirements of morality. For example, the surgeon may find out that all Chucks organs are perfectly healthy and fit all five patients in this way, he will meet the maximum benefit requirement (Kagan, 1998).The surgeon may kill Chuck secretly, to make his death look like the result of medical complication s in this way, he will avoid difficulties associated with the fact of murder (Kagan, 1998). Finally, the surgeon may pretend that the results of Chucks routine medical examination require immediate surgical intervention and that the life of Chuck is under threat Chucks murder will thus look like a moral obligation the surgeon had to fulfill to save Chuck from physical suffering. If that is the case, the surgeons decision to kill Chuck will no longer seem intuitively wrong, and moral consequentialism will no longer look too permissive.The question is in whether it is worth killing one healthy person to save the lives of the five patients who, callable to their health condition, will still die very soon. What are the chances that the look on of their five lives will overweigh the value of Chucks life? These are the questions which one can answer only in particular circumstances and conditions. As a result, whether moral consequentialism requires that individuals perform acts that seem to be morally wrong depends on how they themselves judge their actions and in what particular conditions these actions take place.Moral Consequentialism, Demandingness, and the Value of Denial Critics argue that in particular conditions, moral consequentialism requires that individuals perform acts which seem to be morally wrong. This criticism originates from the assumption that moral consequentialism is inherently demanding and imposes too many moral obligations on individuals, even if the former go against the basic moral principles and individual convictions. pieceually, moral demandingness of consequentialism is the notorious topic of discussion.Critics of consequentialism assume that moral consequentialism obligates people to make sacrifices that go beyond the limits of commonsense morality (Baier, 1958). For example, societies tend to believe that rich and better off society members are morally obliged to bound up a share of their wealth to support those in need. Other s are confident that, under the entice of consequentialism, individuals must make the largest possible contribution to the overall good regardless of the sacrifice such a contribution may incur (Kagan, 1984).Kagan (1984) even claims that there is no limit to the sacrifices that morality can require and agents are never permitted to favor their own interests at the expense of the greater good (p. 239). Mulgan (2001) calls these claims as extremist and admits that at times the overall demandingness of moral consequentialism will make individuals perform acts that seem morally wrong. In his book The Demands of Consequentialism, Tim Mulgan (2001) provides a short tale Clare, Amy, and loading dock are sitting in the living room when a space alien enters their apartment in the striving to devour Clare (p. 154).The only way the companionship can save Clare from the tragedy is to cut away Amys tree branch and to throw it into the alien (Mulgan, 2001). The act will distract the alien and will give Clare more time to escape meanwhile, bobsleigh will find his weapons and will vaporize the newcomer (Mulgan, 2001). For Amy, who is to sacrifice her arm to save the lives of her friends, the decision will, naturally, seem inacceptable and intuitively wrong. However, because this is the only way for her to save the life of Clare and to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people, Amy will be pressured by the moral requirement to sacrifice her arm.The moral unacceptability of the decision to whoop off Amys arm will become even more obvious in case Bob is the one to make it for her. If Amy is not obliged to sacrifice her arm but is only permitted to do so, Bob can readily become the one responsible for the mission of cutting off Amys arm and saving his company from the alien. Mulgan (2001) recognizes that in this case, Bob is allowed to chop Amys arm, to save his own and the life of Clare, even if this act seems morally wrong to him.In this case, the deman dingness of moral consequentialism will reach the point, where individuals have the right to labour other individuals to make sacrifices if they decide to pause from such actions (Mulgan, 2001). Here, moral consequentialism becomes both permissive and demanding, and makes individuals engage in actions which seem to be intuitively wrong. Again, the extent to which this sacrifice is suboptimal is difficult to define. Whether the decision to chop off Amys arm is intuitively wrong will depend on a number of circumstances.It will depend on how the person himself judges his own actions and decisions. For example, there is always a distinction between subjective expectations and objective probabilities that particular actions will lead to specific consequences (Mulgan, 2001). Bob may believe that his decision to chop off Amys arm will cause her unbearable pain and will thus refrain from cutting off her arm. In reality, however, Amy may accept the need to get rid of her arm for the sake o f saving the lives of her friends.In a similar vein, Bob may choose to interpret the decision to chop off Amys arm as the action with the lowest probability to cause harm to Clare and which besides causes the least evil compared with other alternatives. Based on whether Bob views his decisions as the greatest good or the least evil, moral consequentialism will look more or less demanding. As a result, whether moral consequentialism requires that individuals engage in actions that are intuitively wrong depends on how they themselves judge their actions and in what conditions these actions are to take place.Conclusion In broad terms, moral consequentialism claims that the need to promote the greatest good for the greatest number of people is the only moral factor that counts in judging the righteousness and moral acceptability of each particular action. Critics often argue that moral consequentialism requires that individuals engage in actions which are morally wrong. The nature of t his criticism originates from the assumptions about the excessive permissiveness and demandingness of moral consequentialism.However, the current analysis confirms that whether moral consequentialism pushes individuals to perform actions that are intuitively wrong depends on how they themselves judge their actions and in what conditions these actions are to take place. Despite relative demandingness and permissiveness, moral consequentialism always leaves much room for subjectivity and provides individuals with an opportunity to change their opinions and the opinions of others about the moral character of their actions and decisions. ReferencesBaier, K. (1958). The moral point of view A rational basis of ethics. Ithaca Cornell University Press. Kagan, S. (1984). Does consequentialism demand too much? Recent work on the limits of obligation. Philosophy and Public Affairs, 13(3), 239-254. Kagan, S. (1998). Normative ethics. Colorado Westview Press. McLean, G. F. Ellrod, F. E. (1992). Philosophical foundations for moral education and character development Act and agent. CRVP. Mulgan, T. (2001). The demands of consequentialism. Oxford University Press.

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll EssayJust as The Italian includes a tilt chamber, secured by doors of iron, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde too contains a peculiar locked cabinet in which Poole, Dr Jekylls butler, believes his master has been murdered and that the person who has locked him egotism absent is Hyde. The fact that these secret rooms are include in the novels, allows the reader to speculate the strange things that great power be going on behind the sealed doors of the rooms. All in all, Gothic literature is passing evident in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde but at the same time it is heavily influenced by Victorian psychology, which I will now be commenting on. Victorian society was heavily based on power, wealth and culture. Victorians believed they were ethical, object lesson people and their society was that of an ideal one however with the amount of crimes taking place i. e. Jack the Ripper this was not the case especially since Victorians were sexist and racist. Even though Ste venson sets his narrative in the heart of London exploitation such respectable professional people as lawyers, doctors and men of science, what he shows us is a urban center fraught with divisions.Such divisions included those between the rich and poor, men and women, country and city, science and art, and also unplayful and evil shown to us by Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, who not only does he represent a form of revolt against the arrogant domination of the upper classes and government, but also the beast in valet. Stevenson greatly investigates the multipleity of humanss nature in his novel. This theme does not emerge fully up until the last chapter, when the complete story of the Jekyll-Hyde affiliation is exposed by Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case.Therefore, we confront the theory of a soprano human nature unambiguously only after having witnessed all of the events of the novel, including Hydes crimes and his eventual eclipsing of Jekyll. Dr Jekyll describes his dua l personality as the animal within me licking the chops of memory. The text not only posits the duality of human nature as its central theme, but forces us to consider the properties of this duality and to contemplate each of the novels episodes as we weigh confused theories. Such a theory includes that of Freuds theory of the id, ego and superego.The id is entirely unconscious and represents the primitive self of us. It is the self indulgent and selfish side of us. The ego, however unlike the id, spans the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious. The ego is the only component of personality that slew interact with the environment. Lastly, the superego is the part of personality that establishes standards of right and wrong. The superego is the ethics and morality behind our personality. In the 19th Century, it was believed that the id was delineate by a troll like figure, and Hyde is described as being pale and dwarfish.As Stevenson probes the depths of human psychology and chal lenges our perceptions of good and evil in society, we are struck by the disturbing face of evil. Dr. Jekyll tries to strangulate and kill off the Mr. Hyde in himself, but that alter ego is a part of who he is. He cannot renounce or destroy that part of himself. In The Picture of Dorian Gray Dorian, represented by his ego and superego, is in conflict with his id represented by the picture painted of him as a young, full-grown man. In Henry Jekylls Full Statement of the Case the story of Jekylls downfall is revealed to Mr Utterson.Jekyll put forwards to us that mankind has a split personality when saying severed in me those provinces of good and ill which divide and compound mans dual nature. Stevenson provides us with the message that man has two sides to him not just Jekyll. There are many quotations to suggest this too. Such examples in this chapter include primitive duality of man, the agonised womb of consciousness, these polar twins should be continuously struggling- this is in fact a metaphor describing our consciousness being like a womb, man is not truly one, but truly two and lastly I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life.From what Stevenson has produced, I can conclude that Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde cannot easily be seen as having more to do with Gothic tradition than late 19th Century psychology. We must take into account that psychology is a subject matter and Gothic is a style, however I consider the novel has been written guardedly and equally in terms of Gothic tradition and late 19th century psychology as I believe the style of Gothic literature has been heavily influenced by Victorian psychology.Some powerfulness argue against Gothic tradition being the more dominant argument, simply for the reason that Stevenson has not included involvement of haunted castles and dungeons, two of the most obvious Gothic traits. As a closing parameter to this essay, I can admit Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde was published truly as a chilling shock er in 1886 and pipe down today remains as an original classic. Simran Kooner 10HA English Coursework 1 Show preview only The to a higher place preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Meccan people Essay Example for Free

Meccan hatful EssayZoroasters miracles are often very similar to Jesuss, although most of Zoroasters miracles revolve around on healing others, rather than displaying power. He often healed people of blindness, lameness, and other physical conditions suffered by those he encountered. One particular miracle proved to be very significant for Zoroasters role as a prophet. When called before a king of a neighboring country, Zoroaster was asked to cure the kings horse, which had fall lame. Zoroaster concord to perform this miracle if the king agreed to convert to Zoroastrianism and provide his army to protect the faith. The king agreed to this provision, as long as Zoroaster was able to assure the king where he would reside spiritually afterward his demise. fit to the Zoroastrianism followers, Zoroaster healed the horse and the king was immediately visited by a group of nonpareils who showed him the true charge of Zoroastrianism. The king converted and spent his life protect th e faith of Zoroastrianism (Quinn 116-118). Unlike Jesus and Zoroaster, Muhammad never performed some(prenominal) miracles. He instructed his followers that such displays were counterproductive to understanding the true nature of God.He also suggested that the coarse majority of miracles performed by numerous other prophets, other than Jesus, were artificial productions (Fatih 156). The three prophets are also state to have had similar instances were each was tempted by the cod. Zoroaster met Ahriman, or the Devil, while having a vision where he travelled both to heaven and to hell. He was tempted many times to renounce his faith in Ahura Mazda, but Zoroaster resisted this enticement through his prayers to Ahura Mazda (Hambartsumian 34).Jesus was tempted three times by the Devil after having fasted in the desert for xl days. For the first temptation of Jesus, the Devil told him, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made incision (NIV, Matt. 43). Jesus was al so tempted to jump for the roof of the temple, and, finally, to worship the Devil. After each of these temptations, Jesus rebuked the Devil and reaffirmed his commitment to God (Anwar 155). The temptation of Jesus and Zoroaster are well established traditions within the literature of both religions.While there are literary records of Muhammads temptation, most Muslims refuse to acknowledge these reports as macrocosm true. According to these accounts, known as the Satanic Verses, Muhammad was tempted to acknowledge another polytheistic religion in articulate to convert the Meccan people (Najmi 12). The account given by the Satanic Verses states that Muhammad succumbed to this temptation and acknowledged the polytheistic deities. The angel Gabriel then appeared to Muhammad and chastised him for giving in to such temptation.Muhammad then recanted his statement and asked for forgiveness. Various reasons have been given to span this account. Prominently, most Muslims agree these verse s were added by unhappy Meccans to discredit the message of Muhammad (Anwar 156-157). Another substantial dissimilarity betwixt these religious figures is their use of the word prophet went describing their own actions. Muhammad was the only figure to actively refer to himself as a prophet. He believed that he was a continuation of a long line of prophets that included Abraham, Moses, and Christ. pull down though Muhammad elevated himself to the standing of prophet, he never considered himself divine in any way (Beki 209). Jesus, on the other hand, never considered himself a prophet, but promoted himself as being a combination of divinity and pestilent and as being the one true son of God (Eve 44). Zoroaster refused to refer to himself as even a prophet. He claimed that he has a learned man who had been able to achieve some connection with God, and was used, by God, to relay His messages (Quinn 115).While each of these religious figures is held as prophets or deities in their own religion, their ultimate successes and failures come along entirely unrelated to their similar experiences in life. Muhammad successfully united his followers in order to stamp down Mecca and convert its people. Jesus was thought to have been crucified by the Roman government, and then resurrected as a fulfillment of Judaic prophecy (Anwar 158). Zoroaster was murder in his old age by a disgruntle instalment of an opposing religion (Quinn 153).Ultimately, Christianity and Islam, the religions inspired by the lives of Jesus and Muhammad, succeeded in attracting vast masses of people to the teachings of their leaders. The two religions globally dominate as two of the worlds largest organized religion. Zoroaster, on the other hand, has gradually faded throughout history. The religion is currently only practiced by a few near followers in Iran and Northern India. Although it has seen a slight resurgence in recent years, Zoroastrianism will plausibly never reach the level of popul arity enjoyed by both Islam and Christianity (Choksy 430)..All three religions have many characteristics in common, but these similarities have not been enough to create a similar success for each of these religions.whole kit and boodle Cited Anwar, Etin. Prophetic Models in Islamic and Christian Spirituality. Islam Christian- Muslim Relations 15. 1 (2004) 142-162. Beki, Niyazi. The Concept of Revelation According to the Bible and the Quran. Journal of Academic Studies 7. 26 (2005) 191-210. Choksy, Jamsheed K. Hagiography and Monotheism is History Doctrinal Encouncters Between Zoroastrianism, Judaism, and Christianity. Islam Christian-Muslim Relations 14. 4 (2003) 407-432.