The Europe history after 1st world war Research Paper

The Europe history after 1st world war - Research Paper Example During the 20th century there was sporadic social, cultural and economic change in Europe due to the industrial revolution that started in Britain during the 18th century and later spread to the whole world.The 2 world wars and a great economic depression controlled most of the first quarter of the 20th century2. The First World War was fought for 4 years, from the year 1914 to 1918. The war was fought between the entente powers that included the Belgium, France, Russia, Britain, Greece, Italy, Romania, and the United States of America against the Central powers which comprised of countries such as Germany, the Ottoman Empire, Austria, and Hungary3. The war claimed the lives of over 15 million civilians and military men. It is estimated that over 59 million military men were called to service during the war. Later on the great revolution in Russia destroyed the Transits Monarchy and replaced it with the Soviet Union. Additionally, the Ottoman Empire broke up forming separate nations and most of these nations had their boundaries re-drawn4. A treaty was written, known as the Treaty of Versailles. It marked the end of World War 1, but was harsh on the Germans, blaming them for the full responsibility of the war, hence imposed heavy sanctions on the country. High depts. Incurred in the First World War and loans given Germany caused great economic instability and havoc within Europe between the years 1920 to 1930. In the Soviet Union, people were dying of famine that had partly been contributed by Stalin’s regime. At the end of the 1st World War, the German economy suffered and this is because of the harsh conditions that were placed on it, by the treaty of Versailles, whose intention was to end the First World War. Hitler got into power in the year 1933, and begun his great campaign of building a great Germany. In the year 1929, the crash of Wall Street brought about the great depression that was experienced worldwide. Aided by elements such as

Closet Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Closet Exercise - Essay Example Productivity and competitiveness are, by and large, a function of knowledge generation and information processing; firms and territories are organized in networks of production, management and distribution; the core economic activities are global - that is, they have the capacity to work as a unit in real time, or chosen time, on a planetary scale. (Castells 2001: 52).2 With globalization at hand, fashion industry was not exempted in this new economy. Fashion world, has become competitive over time and students are excused from this happening. It the above figures, we can say that the globalization has been evident in the clothing industry and preference of the students. Though there are a lot of students who were not able to travel around the world, it can be said that they are well aware and knowledgeable of what is happening in fashion world. Men and women are now getting more and more brand conscious. Through the presence of agent of globalization such as media, more students now are influenced by branding or what others think about what brands of clothes they wear. However, in the figures in the report, it can be said that globalization is still not that strong in students. 78% of the total number of clothes in the group is still composed of US brands with total of 357 pieces listed. 8% of total number of pieces of clothing came from Italys famous brands such as Gucci, Dolce&Gabbana, Armani and Prada. Another 8% of the clothing listed came from famous French brands. Lastly, 6% of the total clothing was from the famou s brand Mango. Taking note from the excel report, the tops and bottoms of the students were mostly from American brands. Thus, it can be said that students still patronize brands from the United States of America which are generally patronized by the citizens. The other 22% percent of students clothing tallied were from famous international brands which are known to be very expensive. But despite this fact, students still acquire these

Indian Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Indian Religion - Essay Example They comprise of two distinct parts, one is the Brahmanas or the knowledge, which deals with the direct realization of God and the Karma Kanda, which deals rituals and their performance. The Vedas are four in number Rig-Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama-Veda and Atharva-Veda. No Hindu religious text can be based on anything other than the Vedas; hence, the Puranas or Epics are also based on the authority of the Vedas. In the epics, the Divine Incarnations of God are described. These Divine Incarnations also, followed the precepts of the Vedas implicitly, thereby setting an example to the common man. As such, the Vedas are unchangeable and eternal; nothing can be added to, reduced or changed in them. The Puranas serve to illustrate the injunctions laid down in the Vedas. The very same Brahma Vidyas of the Vedas, or direct methods to realize the Ultimate Reality, are to be found in the Puranas. However, the emphasis in Puranas, as they deal with Divine Incarnations, is on Faith or Bhakti. The Bra hmanas with their emphasis on Brahma Vidyas, are what comprises the Path of Knowledge to realize God. It must be emphasized that Sanatan Dharma has many paths or methods to realize God. It is a highly developed religion and has a very strong base in practical religion. Initially the emphasis was on the Path of Knowledge but over a period of time it was realized that such logical reasoning to arrive at the ultimate truth was not possible for everyone. The path of Bhakti or Faith was found to be uncomplicated and very easy.

Why are environmental issues becoming more important for international Essay

Why are environmental issues becoming more important for international business - Essay Example It is a fact that environmental issues have managed to strike â€Å"increased discussion on the international business horizon† (Cherunilam 2010: 670). It is generally suggested that environmental trends and standards play a significantly valuable role in determining relative success of different products in the international market so the importance of efforts directed at protecting the global environment should not be undermined on the basis of a few negative effects. This belief has resulted in fueling the development and implementation of many environmental management systems around the globe. Different ways by which environment influences business are heavily acknowledged now (Lozada & Polonsky 1993: 20). Recently, the popularity regarding the existence of the link between business and environment has exploded. A wide variety of reasons could be found explaining why businesses now lay a greater emphasis on their environmental policies and services instead of solely focusi ng on profit maximization which would be contemplated in this essay with the help of research literature. Research evidence identifies that modern environmental concerns challenging the business world â€Å"have their roots in the 1960s† (Johnson & Turner 2010: 382), but it has only been some years that these issues have really exploded onto the surface. General consensus today is that with growing awareness the business world has undergone gigantic transformation for the better and as a result of which international business has remarkably affected the environment as well. It is proposed that environmental issues are becoming increasingly important for businesses because low environmental protection standards lead to depressing losses every year. Even those countries which have embraced high environmental standards and where business organizations take great pains to establish strictest policies have to suffer from significant losses which are estimated to be 1-2% of GNP. Th e condition is even worse in the developing world where businesses have not yet adopted high standards due to gross economical contractions and where losses resulting from poor environmental protection have been reported to reach 3-5% of GNP (Wysokinska & Witkowska 2005: 270). This is why more stress is laid on environmental protection in the modern business world now because flawed policies and insufficient investments made in this field adversely affect business organizations. Also there are more governmental environmental regulations and requirements set by the government, customers, and suppliers now due to which business organizations come under pressure to address these issues (Lozada & Polonsky 1993: 20). Research literature makes it obvious that this obsession of international business with different environmental issues encompass a wide variety of subjects from promoting protection of natural resources and discouraging the imports of products deemed destructive to the envir onment to banning any products which may pollute the atmosphere or contain toxic metal compounds. For example, the Environmental Protection Agency in the US establishes certain restrictions on â€Å"the importation of lead and lead articles that constitute toxic substances† (Hinkelman et al. 2005: 829). As a consequence of banning the import of all goods which hold the potential to negatively interfere with natural environment, both positive and negative effects influence the economy of a country. Research indicates that while limiting the import helps in raising the environmental standards by reducing the rate of goods which could destroy or pollute the environment like noisy vehicles, this practice also exerts a bad influence on the regular â€Å"

Multinational Corporation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Multinational Corporation - Assignment Example The tourism sector in projected to increase by 5% annually in the next five years, despite the existing economic and political uphills. It is therefore evident that the tourism sector is likely to be a major revenue generating business for Guam is the economy and political conditions find an appropriate and long lasting solution. In reinventing itself, Guam has acquired Applebee’s, a restaurant intended to satisfy the food tastes for the Japanese, Chamorro and Filipino. The restaurant is expected to one of Guams latest to be located in Hawaii. However, the bad news is that, the restaurant is likely to lose out on already established restaurants serving the same array of dishes and a favorite for many tourists. Ruby is among the well established Guam’s direct competitor. Applebee’s will have to shift its main focus from tourism and concentrate on building a loyal local customer base. The kind of meals offered in the franchise should focus on offering meals with less than 550 calories, which happens to be the new trend. Another factor is the location of the franchise, most seem to be directly located closer to their competitors. Guam will have to consider placing their restaurants at strategic locations in order to continue attracting customers in the future after they are

Critique of Research Articles Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critique of Articles - Research Paper Example Chavers, B.M., Solid, C.A., Daniels, F.X., Chen, S., Collins, A.J., Frankenfield, D.L., & Herzog, C. A. (2009). Hypertension in Pediatric Long term Hemodialysis Patients in the United States. American Society of Nephrology, 1363-1369. Sample Characteristics: For the USRDS CMS ESRD CPM special study, BP measurements were attained for the complete population of the US of pediatric long-term hemodialysis patients getting therapy during the fourth quarter of 2001. In other words, the researchers have been capable of adequately defining the samples. The theoretical framework that has been considered for the purpose of this study is that most of the clinical issues faced by the patients having haemodialysis are mainly related to their incapability to eat proper foods and restrict their fluid intake. Experimental research design has been used in this study. It can be stated that the research design that has been used is appropriate for such kind of studies. The study was randomized trial in which two teaching programs had been implemented such as video education and oral education. The sample size for this study has been sixty-three patients who have haemodialysis. Therefore, it can be stated that the sample population has been adequately described. The sample size is adequate for this kind of study and can adequately help to achieve the research objective. Sampling Method: The sampling method that has been used for this study is random sampling method. It has been found that the analyses have been successful at addressing each research question. The study makes use of linear mixed model. The study has tried to avoid Type I and Type II error. The slope related to intradialytic BP over dialysis was deliberated by the log of BP degenerated over time. By utilizing a linear mixed model, the slopes between control as well as ultrafiltration groups present at baseline and over a period of times were compared. The effect of dry weight

Satellite. Solar system Essay Example for Free

Satellite. Solar system Essay A satellite is defined as any object that orbits any other object. Satellites can be celestial, such as a moon orbiting a planet in the solar system, or a planet in the solar system orbiting the sun. Satellites can also be man-made. Man-made satellites are typically launched into outer space from earth to collect data, photos and other information about Earth and all the many things that exist around it. An animation depicting the orbits of GPS satellites in medium earth orbit. A full size model of the Earth observation satellite ERS 2  In the context of spaceflight, a satellite is an object which has been placed into orbit by human endeavor. Such objects are sometimes called artificial satellites to distinguish them from natural satellites such as the Moon. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957. Since then, thousands of satellites have been launched into orbit around the Earth. These originate from more than 50 countries and have used the satellite launching capabilities of ten nations. A few space probes have been placed into orbit around other bodies and become artificial satellites to the Moon, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Satellites are used for a large number of purposes. Common types include military and civilian Earth observation satellites, communications satellites, navigation satellites, weather satellites, and research satellites. Space stations and human spacecraft in orbit are also satellites. Satellite orbits vary greatly, depending on the purpose of the satellite, and are classified in a number of ways. Well-known (overlapping) classes include low Earth orbit, polar orbit, and geostationary orbit. Satellites are usually semi-independent computer-controlled systems. Satellite subsystems attend many tasks, such as power generation, thermal control, telemetry, attitude control and orbit control. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES Sputnik 1: The first artificial satellite The first artificial satellite was Sputnik 1, launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957, and initiating the Soviet Sputnik program, with Sergei Korolev as chief designer. This in turn triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States. Sputnik 1 helped to identify the density of high atmospheric layers through measurement of its orbital change and provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. The unanticipated announcement of Sputnik 1s success precipitated the Sputnik crisis in the United States and ignited the so-called Space Race within the Cold War. Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957 and carried the first living passenger into orbit, a dog named Laika. TYPES OF SATELLITE ïÆ'ËœCommunication satellites †¢Communication satellites provide a worldwide linkup of radio, telephone, and television. †¢The first communication satellite was Echo 1, launched in 1960. †¢Relay 1 and telstar 1 were the first active communications satellites. †¢They were launched in 1962. ïÆ'ËœNavigation satellites †¢Navigation satellites are mainly intended to help aircraft, ships and nuclear submarines. †¢These satellites provide constant signals by which aircraft and ships can determine their positions with great accuracy. ïÆ'ËœWeather satellites †¢Weather satellites carry cameras and other instruments pointed toward Earths atmosphere. †¢They can provide advance warning of severe weather and are a great aid to weather forecasting. ïÆ'ËœMilitary satellites †¢ Many military satellites are similar to commercial ones, but they send encrypted data that only a special receiver can decipher. †¢ Military surveillance satellites take pictures just as other earth-imaging satellites do, but cameras on military satellites usually have a higher resolution. ïÆ'ËœScientific satellites †¢Earth-orbiting satellites can provide data to map Earth, determine the size and shape of Earth, and study the dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere. †¢ Scientists also use satellites to observe the Sun, the Moon, other planets and their moons, comets, stars, and galaxies. HOW ARE SATELLITES LAUNCHED ïÆ'ËœThe trick when launching a satellite is to get it high enough to do its job without losing the capsule to outer space. ïÆ'Ëœ Its a delicate balance of push and pull, accomplished by the inertia of the moving object and the Earths gravity. GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE ïÆ'ËœThe Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (usually known by its abbreviation, GSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). ïÆ'ËœIt was developed to enable India to launch its INSAT-type satellites into geostationary orbit and to make India less dependent on foreign rockets. GSLV Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle FunctionMedium Lift Launch System ManufacturerISRO Country of origin India Size Height49 metres (161 ft) Diameter2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in) Mass402,000 kilograms (890,000 lb) Stages3 Capacity Payload to LEO 5,100 kilograms (11,000 lb) Payload to GTO 2,000 to 2,500 kilograms (4,400 to 5,500 lb) Launch history StatusActive Launch sitesSatish Dhawan Total launches6 (5 Mk.I, 1 Mk.II) Successes2 (Mk.I) Failures3 (2 Mk.I, 1 Mk.II) Partial failures1 (Mk.I) Maiden flightMk.I: 18 April 2001 Mk.II: 15 April 2010 Boosters (Stage 0) No boostersFour Engines1 L40H Vikas 2 Thrust680 kilonewtons (150,000 lbf) Total thrust2,720 kilonewtons (610,000 lbf) Specific impulse 262 sec Burn time160 seconds FuelN2O4/UDMH First Stage Engines1 S139 Thrust4,700 kilonewtons (1,100,000 lbf) Specific impulse 166 sec Burn time100 seconds FuelHTPB (solid) Second Stage Engines1 GS2 Vikas 4 Thrust720 kilonewtons (160,000 lbf) Specific impulse 295 s (2.89 kN†¢s/kg) Burn time150 seconds FuelN2O4/UDMH Third Stage (GSLV Mk.I) 12KRB Engines1 KVD-1 Thrust69 kilonewtons (16,000 lbf) Specific impulse 460 s (4.5 kN†¢s/kg) Burn time720 seconds FuelLOX/LH2 Third Stage (GSLV Mk.II) CUS12 Engines1 ICE Thrust73.5 kilonewtons (16,500 lbf) Specific impulse 460 s (4.5 kN†¢s/kg) Burn time720 seconds FuelLOX/LH2 LIQUID BOOSTERS One of the strap-ons of GSLV-F04 being brought to the Vehicle Assembly Building The GSLV uses four L40 liquid strap-on boosters derived from the L37.5 second stage, which are loaded with 40 tons of hypergolic propellants (UDMH N2O4). The propellants are stored in tandem in two independent tanks 2.1 m diameter. The engine is pump-fed and generates 680 kN (150,000 lbf) of thrust. First stage S139 stage is 2.8 m in diameter and is made of M250 grade maraging steel and it has a nominal propellant loading of 139 t. Second stage The second stage is powered by the Vikas engine. It has 2.8 m diameter and uses 37.5 metric tons of liquid propellants with UDMH as fuel and nitrogen tetroxide (N2O4) as oxidizer, in two aluminium alloy compartments separated by a common bulk head. It delivers 720 kN (160,000 lbf) of thrust. Third stage GSLV Mk.II D3 The third stage is propelled by a cryogenic rocket engine, 2.8 m in diameter and uses liquid hydrogen (LH2) and liquid oxygen (LOX) in two separate tanks of aluminium alloy interconnected by an inter-stage. Propellant loading is 12.5 t. The indigenous cryogenic engine was built in Tamil Nadu at the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre. POLAR SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLE ïÆ'ËœThe Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle commonly known by its abbreviation PSLV is an expendable launch system developed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). ïÆ'ËœIt was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun synchronous orbits. ïÆ'ËœPSLV can also launch small size satellites into geostationary transfer orbit (GTO). ïÆ'ËœThe PSLV has launched 41 satellites (19 Indian and 22 from other countries) into a variety of orbits till date. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle PSLV-C8 (CA Variant) carrying the AGILE x-ray and ÃŽ ³-ray astronomical satellite of the ASI lifting off from Sriharikota FunctionMedium Lift Launch System ManufacturerISRO Country of origin India Size Height44 metres (144 ft) Diameter2.8 metres (9 ft 2 in) Mass294,000 kilograms (650,000 lb) Stages4 Capacity Payload to LEO 3,250 kilograms (7,200 lb) Payload to HCO 1,600 kilograms (3,500 lb)[1] Payload to GTO 1,060 kilograms (2,300 lb)[1] Launch history StatusActive Launch sitesSriharikota Total launches17 PSLV: 10 PSLV-CA: 6 PSLV-XL: 1 Successes15 PSLV: 8 PSLV-CA: 6 PSLV-XL: 1 Failures1 (PSLV) Partial failures1 (PSLV) Maiden flightPSLV: 20 September 1993 PSLV-CA: 23 April 2007 PSLV-XL: 22 October 2008 Notable payloadsChandrayaan-1 Boosters (Stage 0) â„â€" boosters6 Engines1 solid Thrust502.600 kN Specific impulse 262 sec Burn time44 seconds FuelHTPB (solid) First stage Engines1 solid Thrust4,860 kN Specific impulse 269 sec Burn time105 seconds FuelHTPB (solid) Second stage Engines1 Vikas Thrust725 kN Specific impulse 293 sec Burn time158 seconds FuelN2O4/UDMH Third stage Engines1 solid Thrust328 kN Specific impulse 294 sec Burn time83 seconds FuelSolid Fourth stage Engines2 liquid Thrust14 kN Specific impulse 308 sec Burn time425 seconds FuelMMH/UDMH PSLV is designed and developed at Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Thiruvananthapuram and Kerala. The inertial systems are developed by ISRO Inertial Systems Unit (IISU) at Thiruvananthapuram. The liquid propulsion stages for the second and fourth stages of PSLV as well as the reaction control systems are developed by the Liquid Propulsion Systems Centre (LPSC), also at Thiruvananthapuram. The solid propellant motors are processed by Satish Dhawan Space Centre SHAR, which also carries out launch operations. After some delays, the PSLV had its first launch on 20 September 1993. Although all main engines performed as expected, an altitude control problem was reported in the second and third stages. After this initial setback, ISRO met complete success with the third developmental launch in 1996. Further successful launches followed in 1997, 1999, and 2001. PSLV continues to be the work horse of Indian satellite launches, especially for LEO satellites and the Chandrayaan Projects. It has undergone several improvements with each subsequent version, especially those involving thrust, efficiency as well as weight. ORBIT ïÆ'ËœAn orbit is a regular, repeating path that an object in space takes around another one. ïÆ'ËœAn object in an orbit is called a satellite. A satellite can be natural, like the moon, or human -made. ïÆ'ËœIn our solar system, the Earth orbits the Sun, as do the other eight planets. ïÆ'ËœThey all travel on or near the orbital plane, an imaginary disk-shaped surface in space. ïÆ'Ëœ All of the orbits are circular or elliptical in their shape. In addition to the planets orbits. HOW A SATELLITE STAY IN THE ORBIT ïÆ'ËœThe forward motion of the satellite is its momentum. If the gravity of the earth is not acting on the satellite, the satellite would continue in one direction. ïÆ'ËœThe swinging of the satellite gives it its forward motion. ïÆ'Ëœ When these two forces are equal, the satellite remains in orbit, without falling into or flying away from the Earth. ïÆ'Ëœ A satellites forward motion is controlled by rockets. ïÆ'ËœWhen the rockets are not fired, inertia keeps the satellite going in one direction. HOW SATELLITES WORK ïÆ'ËœReceiving uplinked radio signals from earth satellite transmission stations (antennas). ïÆ'ËœAmplifying received radio signals ïÆ'ËœSorting the input signals and directing the output signals through input/output signal multiplexers to the proper downlink antennas for retransmission to earth satellite receiving stations (antennas). MERITS ïÆ'ËœIn communication. ïÆ'ËœFor military purposes. ïÆ'ËœFor weather broadcasting. ïÆ'ËœIn terrestrial application. ïÆ'ËœSatellite Services. †¢Satellite internet access †¢Satellite phone †¢Satellite radio †¢Satellite television †¢Satellite navigation DE-MERITS ïÆ'ËœLifetime of a satellite is limited. ïÆ'ËœOnce damaged it is difficult to repair. ïÆ'ËœEconomically costly. ïÆ'ËœA small damage in any part can destroy the whole satellite. CONCLUSION ïÆ'ËœNow a day’s satellite is a basic communication media. ïÆ'ËœAny information can be transmitting from one point to another with the help of satellite. ïÆ'ËœAll people are using satellites directly or indirectly. ïÆ'ËœWithout satellites the days cannot be imagined.