Assess The Level Of Awareness On Preconception Care After Marriage Nursing Essay

Assess The Level Of Awareness On Preconception Care After Marriage Nursing Essay CHAPTER V The aim of the study was to assess the level of awareness on preconception care after marriage among unmarried college girls in selected educational institution at Salem. The study was Non experimental descriptive research design to assess the level of awareness regarding preconception care. Sample consists of 100 unmarried college students. The analysis and interpretation of the findings were presented in the chapter-1V. Objective-1: To develop validate the informational booklet regarding preconception care after marriage for the samples based on the findings of the study. In this study Informational booklet regarding preconception care after marriage prepared as a guide to improve the students knowledge on preconception care aspect. Booklet was prepared based on review of literature, textbook, published journals, internet search, published and unpublished thesis and personnel experience of the researcher. The content was organized into various sub topics such as General health measures which include the consu ­mption of balanced diet, maintaining normal body weight Components involved in preconception such as folic acid supplementation, stress reduction, mental preparation, understanding fertile period and early signs of pregnancy. It was validated by 5 experts. Booklet was prepared before the assessment of the knowledge regarding preconception care. It was handed over to the samples after assessing the knowledge regarding preconception care. The responses of the samples after reading the Informational Booklet was assessed, which showed that out of 100 samples, all the samples have read the Informational Booklet. 89 samples really felt that the booklet was highly useful and remaining 11 felt even though it was used further teaching could have more benefitted them. The most useful section felt by the samples were consumption of balanced diet 45(45%), maintaining normal body weight 61(61%), folic acid supplementation 78(78%) and stress reduction 27(27%). The finding of the study was supported by another study conducted by Vause,   Jones,   Evans,   Wilkie, Leader., (2004) conducted a study whether counselling before conception is important. After completing the knowledge survey the woman was sent for initial assessment. 400 surveys were used for the data analysis. Patients were informed about the health optimization, consumption of folic acid, exposure to infectious disease, use of medication and use of recreational drug. Nulliparous women were found less knowledgeable. The more educated women had more knowledge. It was suggested that the women need their physicians to educate about pre-pregnancy lifestyle. Objective-2:To assess the level of awareness regarding preconception care among samples. In this study the baseline assessment of the present health status of the samples were assessed by collecting the history. Regarding the age of menarche majority of the samples 35% attained menarche in the age of 14 years, 25% at the age of 15 years, 24% at the age of 13 years, 12%at the age of 16 years, 3% at the age of 12years, and only 1% at the age of 17 years. Regarding pattern of menstruation 73% were having regular menstruation and 27% were having irregular menstruation. With regard to discomfort before menstruation 43%were having discomfort before menstruation and 57% were not having discomfort. Regarding pain during menstruation 25% were having pain during menstruation and 75% were having no pain during menstruation. About the Family history of consanguineous marriage majority of the students 33% parents had consanguineous marriage, 16% grandparents had consanguineous marriage, 8%sister had consanguineous marriage and only 3% brother got married consanguineously, 40% had no history of consanguineous marriage. With regard to the Family history of high risk pregnancy majority of the samples 34% mother/sister had the history of vomiting, 6% had infertility, 4% had hypertension during pregnancy, 4%had Twin pregnancy and only 1% had the history of diabetes mellitus during pregnancy, 61% had no Family history of high risk pregnancy. Regarding family health history majority of the samples 25% had the family health history of hypertension, 22% had diabetes mellitus, 8% had the breathing difficulty and only 4% had cardiac problem, 41% had no family health history. Measurement data on Body Mass Index by checking height and weight Hemoglobin was assessed with Sahelis Hemoglobinometer. The Body Mass index was assessed which showed that 8% were having normal Body Mass index (18.5-24.9kg/m2), 37% were underweight ( The hemoglobin was assessed using Sahelis Hemoglobinometer which showed that 25% were having normal Hemoglobin level (11-12mg/dl), 71% were moderate anemic (9-10mg/dl) and 4%were severe anemic ( This finding was supported by a study done by Raghe Reghunathan (2001) conducted a study on prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in rural backward colony in Kottayam District, Kerala. Hemoglobin estimation was done by using Sahelis hemoglobinometer. Researcher have found that 47.4% of women were moderately anemic, 26.3% were mildly anemic and 26.3% of women were severe anemic. The level of awareness regarding preconception care after marriage was assessed by self administered knowledge questionnaire. The knowledge score showed that out of 100 samples 37% had inadequate knowledge, 61% had moderate knowledge and only 2% had adequate knowledge regarding preconception care. The mean score percentage was 49.3 which revealed inadequate knowledge. Booklet was giving to the samples to improve their knowledge. The finding of this study was supported by a study conducted by Weerd, Van der Bij , Cikot, Braspenning, Braat., (2002) this study compares a self-administered questionnaires to history taking. 193 women from Netherlands were included in the study. A pre-conception health assessment of family history and two Family History surveys were completed by 186 couples at home. Agreement between the written and the oral answers was calculated using kappa statistic. The results showed that good agreement level was found for all sections of the preconceptional health assessment form (overall kappa = 0.88) except for the nutritional history (kappa = 0.70). The Family History surveys also showed a high agreement level (kappa = 0.92 for women and kappa = 0.90 for men). The findings was also supported by another study conducted by Ezegwui HU, Dim C, Dim N, Ikeme AC., (2008) Study was to determine the awareness regarding preconception care. This is a cross-sectional study of women receiving antenatal care at Nigeria between October 2005 and March 2006. A total of 1,500 questionnaires were distributed while 1,331 were completed and returned giving a response rate of 88.7%. The mean age was 30.0 + 5.0 years. Of these, 573 (43.1%) women had heard of preconception care. The respondents awareness of preconception care and their ability to define the subject correctly increase significantly with their educational status and age. The majority believed that preconception care might improve the health of mother and child. Objective-3: To find out the association between level of awareness regarding preconception care with their selected demographic variables-age, education, family monthly income, type of family, religion area of residence. In this study association was analyzed by using Chi-square between the level of knowledge regarding preconception care and selected demographic variables The findings of the study showed that there was significant association between the level of knowledge and their area of residence. The other demographic variables (age, education, type of family, family monthly income and religion) were having no significance with the level of knowledge. The statistical findings of association between level of knowledge and area of residence of the students was found to be statistically significant [à Ã¢â‚¬ ¡2 value=10.2016, Table value =.9.49 and df = 4 at 0.05 level] It evidences that there is significance between association of level of knowledge and area of residence of the students. This finding of the study was supported by another study conducted by Chacko, Anding, Kozinetz, Grover, Smith., (2003) objective of the study was to assess knowledge of neural tube defect prevention by folic acid among adolescent and young adult women. Results of the study showed that of 387 women (mean age: 18 +/- 1.9 years), 72% were black and 28% were Hispanic. 44% answered that clinics were a major source of information of neural tube defect prevention, 52% had heard of folic acid, 45% had heard of neural tube defect, and 50% had heard of birth defects prevention by folic acid supplementation. Result showed that more Hispanic than black young women had heard of neural tube defect (59% vs39%). Pregnancy history, regular birth control use, and education level for age were independently associated with knowledge. In young women with low education level for age, regular birth control use was significantly associated with knowledge. Proper folate diet was not associated with the knowl edge. The follow-up survey of the programme showed that 88% to 92% had the knowledge of neural tube defects and folic acid consumption.

10 Great Writing Hooks

10 Great Writing Hooks Weve compiled a top ten list of writing hooks some fantastic ways to get your online content to engage better than ever before! Start with a question.How did Donald Trump become the US President? Start with a definition.Being an entrepreneur is a state of mind   to be willing to take risks in  business with a view to making profit. Start with a metaphor or simile.Life is like a box of chocolates, you never know what youre going to get. Start  with a quotation.Never look a gift-horse in the mouth is a phrase that often precedes success, many entrepeneurs  found their way to success by  grasping an opportunity that others overlooked. Start with a comparison to a well-known  person or place.While our gardens may be less impressive than those found at Kew, they still offer a truly stunning spectacle during the Summer months. Start with looking to the future.By the year 2030 we will all be  driving, or driven by, electric vehicles. Start with a dilemma.I didnt know it at the time but choosing to move to London would be the single biggest step I would make on my path to success. Begin  by describing a scene.As the  skies  cleared we were faced by a landscape utterly laid bare by the ferocity of the storm. Begin with the best advice you have ever received.In my earlier years things didnt go quite according to plan that is until a colleague suggested that I Stop living in the past and get with the present. Begin with an anecdote.We walked for hours that day, town to town, street to street and door to door. It wasnt until the last leaflet had been delivered that we headed home to the familiar sounds and smells of the countryside.   There are many more hooks that come to mind but hopefully this list will get you started on the path to writing amazing marketing content.  

The Most Dangerous Game versus The Child by Tiger Essay -- essays rese

The conflict of good and evil presents itself in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† and â€Å"The Child by Tiger† in two completely different ways. One story being commercial fiction and the other being literary fiction, there are many ways of viewing variables such as good versus evil, realistic versus unrealistic stories and moral significance. The stories have different voices and are meant for different audiences, but in viewing the overall moral importance of both fictional works, the story with a greater moral significance is â€Å"The Child by Tiger†. The plot in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† is simple, obvious and unrealistic. There is a â€Å"good guy† trying to escape from the â€Å"bad guy† who lives on Ship-Trap Island. Rainsford clumsily tumbles off of his yacht into the â€Å"blood-warm waters† (59), starting the game. His belief that animals are unable to feel and understand fear makes him the perfect, unsuspecting prey in the irony of the story. The miraculous return of Rainsford to slaughter Zaroff is the most straightforward example to the unrealistic manner of this piece. In â€Å"The Child by Tiger† there is greater artistic unity in the series of events. Dick, a handyman to the Sheppertons, is a role model to the boys in the story and they look up to him because he is fun to be around and he teaches them good morals. The resignment of the cook and Dick’s pent-up feelings he keeps inside spark something in him to kill people. During Dick’s rampage, he kills not only white men but black men, too. He is not racist like the white people are—any person standing in his way gets shot. His act of murder is artistic and swift, he kills people with one, clean blow and moves on expressionless. This artistic massacre expresses some excellent charac... ...st person. The narrator is looking back on this story and remembering things from a child’s point of view. The reader only sees the narrator’s opinion in the story, but that allows the reader to have his own opinions as well, questioning the literary work constantly. This makes the story more complex and permits the reader to wonder what is going on inside each of the characters’ heads. In considering each piece of literary work, â€Å"The Child by Tiger† is the more intricate story of the two, and thus the most morally important. â€Å"The Child by Tiger† makes the reader look deeper into the story, questioning it constantly, enquiring what each symbol means and the importance of it in the story. Interrogations like that lead the reader to get a better insight to life by questioning it rather than accepting it page-by-page as one does in â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game†.

Individual Presentation: Kevin Mitnick :: Computers Technology Kevin Matnick Essays

Individual Presentation: Kevin Mitnick Introduction Originally, I had planned on researching George Lucas as my creative genius. I am in love with the Star Wars saga, but I really could not get interested in George Lucas. Then, late one night, I saw a movie called Takedown. It was based on a true story that dealt with the pursuit and capture of Kevin Mitnick, one of the most infamous computer hackers of all time. I was instantly amazed. As soon as the movie was over, I began scouring the internet looking for information concerning him. I am quite interested in computers, and Mitnick’s mastery of them drew me towards him. I knew then that he was who I wanted to research. His creativity encompasses a wide range of skills. Obviously, his mastery of computer and telephone systems deals with the Mathematical/Logical domain. Also, he is talented at acquiring information from people, which is an intrapersonal skill. Plus, he is strongly self-motivated and that deals with the interpersonal domain. This combination of skills elevated him to be one of the best hackers the world has ever seen. I have a great deal of respect for Kevin Mitnick because he is able to use a computer creatively to acquire whatever he wants to know. In a way, I wish I could be like him. A computer is such a valuable asset, but many times it is not close to being used to its full potential. Kevin Mitnick realized this, and put his computer to maximum usage. However, it is unfortunate that what he did was against the law. Due to this, I really cannot consider him a role model. I have no desire to risk going to jail over a computer-related crime. Even so, there is still a great amount of potential within Mitnick. Since he knows so much about breaking into computers, he could use that knowledge when he gets out of jail to design security systems that would be almost impenetrable. He knows all the tricks of the trade on how to tap into someone’s system. It is this insight that could enable him to design a nearly full-proof security system. Only time will tell what happens with Mi tnick in the future.

The Articles of Confederation and the Bill of Rights :: American History Governmental Rights Essays

The Articles of Confederation 1776 brought a declaration of and a war for independence to Britain’s North American colonies. While they had all acted in concert to reach this decision, their memories of colonial life under the centralized British monarchy had lasting effect upon their views of what the federal government of their new republic would have the power to do. In the years following the Declaration of Independence, Congress came up with the Articles of Confederation to loosely govern the new republic at the federal level. 1781 found all 13 states ratifying the Articles of the Confederation as well as the conclusion of the War for Independence, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Already, the weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation were beginning to show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every one of the 13 colonies suffered economic setbacks as a result of the War for Independence. Devalued American currency as a result of the Congress’ habit of printing new paper money to cover the new republic’s war debt and the British blockade created high prices for goods. The end of the war hardly helped the situation as Congress found itself powerless to levy taxes to pay off the war debt, powerless to regulate trade with other nations, and powerless to regulate workers wages and the price of goods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This unregulated economic climate provoked citizens who were shouldering much of the debt as a result. Farmers of western Massachusetts who saw banks moving to foreclose on the mortgages of their farms demanded that the government do something to protect them in their time of financial need. They saw the lower legislative house of Massachusetts draft and approve a measure, which included relief measures for them. Under the influence of the farmers’ creditors, the upper house blocked the actions of the lower house, which further enraged these local farmers. In 1786, a captain of the old Continental army Daniel Shays, led 2000 armed farmers against the state government. They shut down county courts to prevent foreclosure proceedings on their farms, and marched on the Federal Arsenal at Springfield, evidently to properly arm themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eventually in 1787, the Massachusetts state militia put down the rebellion. Both sides in the mess were unhappy with the new republic’s role (or lack thereof) in the crisis. Farmers were unhappy that the government wasn’t taking steps to protect their property from creditors, and creditors were unhappy that the The Articles of Confederation and the Bill of Rights :: American History Governmental Rights Essays The Articles of Confederation 1776 brought a declaration of and a war for independence to Britain’s North American colonies. While they had all acted in concert to reach this decision, their memories of colonial life under the centralized British monarchy had lasting effect upon their views of what the federal government of their new republic would have the power to do. In the years following the Declaration of Independence, Congress came up with the Articles of Confederation to loosely govern the new republic at the federal level. 1781 found all 13 states ratifying the Articles of the Confederation as well as the conclusion of the War for Independence, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris. Already, the weaknesses of the Articles of the Confederation were beginning to show.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Every one of the 13 colonies suffered economic setbacks as a result of the War for Independence. Devalued American currency as a result of the Congress’ habit of printing new paper money to cover the new republic’s war debt and the British blockade created high prices for goods. The end of the war hardly helped the situation as Congress found itself powerless to levy taxes to pay off the war debt, powerless to regulate trade with other nations, and powerless to regulate workers wages and the price of goods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This unregulated economic climate provoked citizens who were shouldering much of the debt as a result. Farmers of western Massachusetts who saw banks moving to foreclose on the mortgages of their farms demanded that the government do something to protect them in their time of financial need. They saw the lower legislative house of Massachusetts draft and approve a measure, which included relief measures for them. Under the influence of the farmers’ creditors, the upper house blocked the actions of the lower house, which further enraged these local farmers. In 1786, a captain of the old Continental army Daniel Shays, led 2000 armed farmers against the state government. They shut down county courts to prevent foreclosure proceedings on their farms, and marched on the Federal Arsenal at Springfield, evidently to properly arm themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eventually in 1787, the Massachusetts state militia put down the rebellion. Both sides in the mess were unhappy with the new republic’s role (or lack thereof) in the crisis. Farmers were unhappy that the government wasn’t taking steps to protect their property from creditors, and creditors were unhappy that the

Nutrition and Obesity Crisis

Why is parental responsibility the basis of each solution? 5. Based on my research, why do I conclude that parental responslblllty Is the best solution for the obesity crlsls? Expanded Research Questions: 1 . What Is obesity and why Is It an Important Issue? (INTRO) a. statistics b. story c. hesis 2. What background Information Is necessary to understand this issue fully? a. brief history of crisis b. brief effects of crisis 3. What solutions have been put forth to help solve the obesity crisis? a. Dietary solutions b. Exercise solutions 4. Why Is parental responslblllty the basis of each solution? 5.Based on my research, why do I conclude that parental responsibility is the best solution for the obesity crisis? These are examples of great questions to ask. America is one of the most obese countries in the world, and the reasons are quite obvious. Just take a look around you. Fast food chains on every block (unhealthy foods re much less expensive than the healthy foods we should be e ating), more and more technology to make our lives easier (and lazier), and high amounts of stress are all factors to weight gain In our country.A recent study In January 2010 shows that obesity rates have reached a constant level and stayed there for the past five years, but still the levels of obesity are still unacceptable. Almost 34 percent of American adults are obese; this number Is more than double the amount of 30 years ago. And the percentage of obese children has nearly tripled in that time, to 17 percent. Are we doing enough to bring these numbers down?

Disabled Children and Education Essay

A lot of disabled children nowadays are taking to American schools in the pursuit of quality education. Even if there is some semblance of community support, or even school-wide support, it is alarming to note that there is still much to be done. There is still a lack of good studies and research made on the unique needs of disabled children. Also, there is a continuous threat of non-school intervention in cases that sometimes warrant to the harassment of disabled children within school premises, and even the lack of school facilities that are specially created for the comfort and enjoyment of the school’s disabled student populace. Finally, even a recent study suggests that even given the support the disabled child has in the form of the alignment of IDEA and NCLB, they have to contend with the many changes it could bring to present attitudes, what they believe in, as well as what they hold dear in helping disabled students achieve the best in their educational lives. Introduction Students with physical disabilities – especially those who have opted to enroll themselves in institutions that are meant for â€Å"normal† students – have always been beset with a lot of challenges through every step of their educational process. see more:importance of school facilities to students From the choice of the school, to its environment, and available curricula, physically disabled students have always been limited to what they could choose that also basically suits them. Abend (2001) stresses the importance of the entire school experience for the disabled students and has reported about the current laws and regulations put in place that were meant to protect them. These include the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 that was later renamed as the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act or IDEA in 1990, and the Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990. IDEA is a â€Å"refitted† version of the Education For All Handicapped Children Act, which has made it possible for disabled children to get equal educational rights. It was more concerned with knowing more about disabled children and focused on making special education and other related services available for them. IDEA on the other hand, with its amendments in 1997, made it possible for disabled students to be able to study with non-disabled students, and championed the said cause. Abend also tells of the Americans With Disabilities Act or ADA of 1990 that then enforces laws that made schools safer and more accessible for disabled students. The ADA is put in place for schools to either follow ADA Accessibility Guidelines or ADAAG or the Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards or UFAS. Unfortunately, the UFAS and the ADAAG are designed not with the disabled children in mind, especially the disabled students of school age. Giangreco, Dennis, Cloninger, Edelman and Schattman (1993) also noted the issue of teachers who are teaching disabled children as well. It is considered important because, aside from the school environment, disabled students would also have to deal with teachers who could or could not deal with them efficiently like their normal counterparts. As the concept of allowing the disabled children to join their non-disabled classmates in general education courses is supported by a lot of educators, some are rather still doubtful as to what extent should this inclusion would be. Giangreco, Edelman, Luiselli and MacFarland (1997) have also reported about the use of instructional assistants that now serve to support the said implementation of allowing disabled children to be able to study together with their non-disabled counterparts on a classroom. As part of the new efforts of being able to actually complement the increase of disabled children to be accommodated, school administrators, teachers and instructional assistants alike are facing increasing pressure from the parents of such children to provide better care. Aside from making the school actually safe and its environment actually conducive to ensuring equal opportunities for education between disabled and non-disabled children, school administrators would also have to deal with the â€Å"hostility† of the normal students themselves, especially in taking to bullying disabled children in their own classes. Hergert (2004) has reported that bullying has been increasingly getting the nefarious attention that it deserves from the media as well as educational journals. The report does include other factors that lead to bullying aside from the children having been physically impaired in some way, such as being ethnically diverse, the children being bullied of different ages, and live in communities where a lot of the people who live there could single them out from being â€Å"different†, such as small or big cities, and even those living in suburban areas. In light of such problems, the National Council on Disability has taken measures in order to improve the educational opportunities of such disabled students. Frieden (2004) has presented a paper which details all the research that the NCD has undertaken, with the cooperation of several schools as well as integration with IDEA as well as the No Child Left Behind Act or NCLB, one of the most ambitious educational laws that were put in place that sought to enhance American education especially through reading and mathematics, measured by their own respective standardized tests. Statement Of The Issue To Be Investigated Students with physical disabilities are enrolling in public schools all across America at an increasing rate. As is already indicated by the recent studies, American lawmakers are striving to get a better grip of this problem and introduce laws which would enable disabled students to have an equal chance at education like their non-disabled counterparts. Frieden (2004) has created a report that shows how very determined the American educational system is in actually curbing that said issue. The issue in question, giving disabled students a clear chance at education, already has several laws to its credit, but as Frieden also already states, the recent study that they have has its many implications. On one side, a lot of educators and schools are very much concerned in providing better schools for these disabled children, but on another side, they are grappling with the fact that the problem is enormous, and schools and school administrators are still quite daunted by the fact that there simply isn’t enough understanding and readiness as of yet as to handle this unique problem. The schools themselves are also beset with other problems such as meeting the yearly â€Å"report card† on their annual performance, and the impact that it could cause on the students with disabilities if things did not go as planned. The report also focused on the teachers as well as the strategies that they would most likely employ, with respect and with the support of the school administrators in question. It also details current research that the NCD has with regards to how they are coping with the problem at the moment. Despite this however, even if disabled students are afforded opportunities for equal chances for good education right now, they are still beset with a lot of problems. The report entails the findings that they have to a certain point that which still needs to be addressed. Literature Review Abend (2001) reports the various laws that were put in place in order to assure that disabled students, especially children, have the same opportunities just like their non-disabled counterparts when it comes to quality education . These laws and guidelines he discussed included: †¢ Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975 (Public Law 94-142) †¢ Individuals With Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) †¢ Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) †¢ Uniform Federal Accessibility Standards (UFAS) †¢ ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG) There is also Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Public Law 93-112) that worked in close tandem with that of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Whereas the 1975 Act was more concerned with the services that are given to disabled children, Section 504 deals with whether or not the disabled children would have need of such services. However, as it was already discussed, the use of the UFAS or the ADAAG was more tailored to suit disabled adults more than it can be used for disabled students. Abend goes on to discuss one of the key factors of the success of an overall rehabilitation of the current stand on disabled students bid on education – how the school should be set up. Schools are considered as the second homes to students throughout most of their school lives, and it is important that disabled children should also be comfortable with how they would be willing to spend almost an entire day in such a facility. The school facilities in question should not only be the furniture that could be found inside a classroom – it also deals with the environment of the classroom (if it’s comfortable, too noisy, or too cramped), where the disabled students could go to after school hours (such as playgrounds and the school grounds), and the security of the school. Concerns about air quality are also aired because of the fact that disabled children are highly susceptible to fluctuation in air quality, especially if the child is to go to a general education school. Ensuring that disabled children could actually go around in a school that is also designed for their comfort actually helps a lot in the process of ensuring that they also get quality education. Other important factors that contribute to sound and quality education for disabled children include highly qualified teachers as well as highly qualified instructional assistants. Giangreco et al. (1993) and Giangreco et al. (1997) report on the many benefits that highly qualified teachers and instructional assistants could give to disabled children in the classroom setting. There are educators who feel strongly that disabled children should be able to join their non-disabled classmates in a normal classroom setting, but there are some who are still worried up to what extent should it be made possible. It is also the same with instructional assistants who serve as â€Å"extensions† of the teacher in a classroom, especially when coordinating with the teachers to also include them in class discussion and attending to the special needs of their â€Å"charges†. As they are tasked with the overall management of the classroom, they are also in charge of looking over what happens within that classroom, and sometimes it is more than just staying within the lessons. However, as Hergert (2004) relates, such disabled students’ incidents concerned with bullying by other children are traditionally a â€Å"hands-off† matter when it comes to school affairs. There are cases however that some schools also act upon complaints made by the students who are harassed. Hergert is concerned about, along with the problems of teachers and educational assistants of the best caliber to educate and attend to disabled students’ needs, how the school community still seems to deny the fact that bullying is such a huge problem and dismissing such complaints as overreactions from the students. However, with Frieden’s (2004) report, all such problems are then equated and are meticulously laid out, in response to such problems. Aside from ensuring sound school environments for disabled children to actually find themselves become part of the classroom experience itself, the report has also talks about what the schools can do in order to combat these problems. These are accomplished by strategies that are based upon what typically goes on in a school during their disabled children programs like counseling and the like. Common factors were discovered and goals were also set out, along with the best strategies that could help bring about it. Findings Frieden’s (2004) report has noted several findings on the educational crisis faced by America’s disabled children. Although there is enough reason to believe that disabled children nowadays have better opportunities in getting a better education, it still comes up short. Aside from the overwhelming responsibilities of implementing new and improved means of getting disabled children the education that they deserve, the NCD also has to look over problems of reducing the percentage of disabled children who drop out of schools, ensuring that there are more disabled children who graduate with high school diplomas, and look over available strategies that would ensure the success of a school’s disabled children educational program. Based on Abend and Hergert’s independent studies, the focus on the needs of disabled children through adequate school facilities and the bullying problem are either ill-fit for the children themselves or largely ignored by the school. There is still an inadequacy in trying to solve this problem, and is reflected in Frieden’s report. Also, the problem of finding the best educators for the disabled children themselves counts as another task that needs to be attended to. Lastly, the problem of implementing such improvements on a school-wide basis, mainly through following the guidelines set by the IDEA and NCLB alignment, also needs a lot of attention. Implementing such guidelines is an entirely different thing when it has to be maintained successfully, and this is what the Frieden report has sought to recommend for future studies and research on the matter. Discussion Getting quality education for disabled children is a daunting task. This is more so if the current stakes are too high. In correspondence with the integration of both IDEA and NCLB, the Public Schools of North Carolina (2005) has released guidelines and procedures that schools found statewide would have to implement with regards to the reauthorization of IDEA back in 2004. The guidelines include also the various responsibilities that the test coordinators would have to accomplish in order to disseminate information to North Carolina statewide schools with regards to documentation, job responsibilities, staff training, and other procedures and guidelines. As part of the results that came after the alignment of IDEA and NCLB, the guidelines are a clear sign of, in the given North Carolina example that American education is indeed in an upswing. However, NCLB has, at that time, not actually improved American education as a whole, but mostly benefited schools who were grappling with their own adequate yearly performance or AYP woes. Aside from this, Frieden also noted how it was difficult to keep up with all the assessments that are needed by the NCLB in order to correctly gauge their academic skills. Also, it was very difficult for school leaders to realign assessments as well as other requirements that would allow disabled children to fully become part of the classroom discussion and cope with their own academic performance. Strategies meant to complement disabled children education also come up a little short at that time, because of limited research. The studies that are available are either aimed at younger students not fit for other levels, the studies in themselves where done with limited student participation in numbers, the studies are only concentrated on one kind of disability, or there are no programs available that would help to alleviate the disabled student dropout rate. Also, even if some education programs are set in place, there is still a lot of concern in regards to a lack of support from administrators, the time and effort used in order to implement them, lack of materials, ill-fitting teaching styles, limited teacher understanding of the practice or even not remembering it at all, and ill-fit between what is considered as â€Å"safe† for implementing in a state with regards to their own local guidelines. Conclusion The scope of undertaking the problem of the quality education of disabled children is very different from what one could expect when tackling educational concerns of non-disabled children. This is not to say that one is clearly much more important than the other, but it means that what American education has for now for disabled children is still continuously undergoing a lot of transformation, and is still in serious need of continuous study and research. Frieden’s report basically sums up everything about the problems that disabled children education currently face, and leaves a daunting message that clearly states there is still a lot to be done yet. This concern is not just because of what schools must do in order to make the annual â€Å"report card grade† of their performance – it means that disabled students who are enrolled in their schools need to be attended to, and have different special needs than their non-disabled counterparts. Nurturing such students and giving them equal educational opportunities are the keys in which the school thrives and survives in situations that warrant what â€Å"best education† could be expected from schools. This, alongside with their commitment to bringing the best education and American child could possibly have, should serve as their goal. References Abend, A. C. (2001) Planning and Designing for Students with Disabilities. Retrieved September 15, 2008 from www. edfacilities. org/pubs/disabilities. pdf Frieden, L. (2004) Improving Educational Outcomes for Students With Disabilities. Retrieved September 15, 2008 from www. educationalpolicy. org/pdf/NCD. pdf Giangreco, M. F. , Dennis, R. , Cloninger, C. , Edelman, S. W. & Schattman, R. (1993) â€Å"Experiences of Teachers Educating Students With Disabilities† in Exceptional Children, vol. 5. Retrieved September 15, 2008 from www. uvm. edu/~mgiangre/EC9359(4)359-372. pdf